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the origins of contemporary france-4-第68部分

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made against him by Robespierre。) Petion justly objects that

〃Brunswick would be the first to cut off Brissot's head; and Brissot

is not fool enough to doubt it。〃



'132' Garat; 94。  (After the King's death and a little before the 10th

of March; 1793。)



'133' Ibid。; 97。  In 1789 Robespierre assured Garat that Necker was

plundering the Treasury; and that people had seen mules loaded with

the gold and silver he was sending off by millions to Geneva。  …

Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  512。  〃Robespierre;〃 say Carnot and Prieur;

〃paid very little attention to public business; but a good deal to

public officers; he made himself intolerable with his perpetual

mistrust of these; never seeing any but traitors and conspirators。〃



'134' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 417。  (Speech of Thermidor 8; year II。)



'135' Ibid。; XXXII。; 361; (Speech May 7; '794;) and 359。  〃Immorality

is the basis of despotism; as virtue is the essence of the Republic。〃



'136' Ibid。; 371。



'137' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 195。  (Report of Couthon and decree in

conformity therewith; Prairial 22; year II。) 〃The revolutionary

tribunal is organised for the punishment of the people's enemies 。  。

。  。  The penalty for all offences within its jurisdiction is death。

Those are held to be enemies of the people who shall have misled the

people; or the representatives of the people; into measures opposed to

the interests of liberty; those who shall have sought to create

discouragement by favoring the undertakings of tyrants leagued against

the Republic; those who shall have spread false reports to divide or

disturb the people; those who shall have sought to misdirect opinion

and impede popular instruction; produce depravity and corrupt the

public conscience; diminish the energy and purity of revolutionary and

republican principles; or stay their progress    Those who; charged

with public functions; abuse them to serve the enemies of the

Revolution; vex patriots; oppress the people; etc。〃



'138' Buchez et Roux; XXXV。; 290。  (〃 Institutions;〃 by Saint…Just。)

〃The Revolution is chilled。  Principles have lost their vigor。

Nothing remains but red…caps worn by intrigue。〃 … Report by Courtois;

〃Pièces justificatives〃 No。20。  (Letter of Pays and Rompillon;

president and secretary of the committee of Surveillance of Saint…

Calais; to Robespierre; Niv?se 15; year II。) 〃The Mountain here is

composed of only a dozen or fifteen men on whom you can rely as on

yourself; the rest are either deceived; seduced; corrupted or enticed

away。  Public opinion is debauched by the gold and intrigues of honest

folks。〃



'139' Report by Courtois; N。  43。  … Cf。  Hamel; III。; 43; 71。  … (The

following important document is on file in the Archives Nationales; F

7; 4446; and consists of two notes written by Robespierre in June and

July; 1793): 〃Who are our enemies? The vicious and the rich。  。  。  。

How may the civil war be stopped? Punish traitors and conspirators;

especially guilty deputies and administrators 。  。  。  。  make

terrible examples 。  。  。  。  proscribe perfidious writers and anti…

revolutionaries 。  。  。  。  Internal danger comes from the bourgeois;

to overcome the bourgeois; rally the people。  The present insurrection

must be kept up 。  。  。  。  The insurrection should gradually continue

to spread out 。  。  。  The sans…culottes should be paid and remain in

the towns。  They ought to be armed; worked up; taught。〃



'140' The committee of Public Safety; and Robespierre especially; knew

of and commanded the drownings of Nantes; as well as the principal

massacres by Carrier; Turreau; etc。  (De Martel; 〃Etude sur Fouché;〃

257…265。) … Ibid。; (〃Types revolutionnaires;〃 41…49。) … Buchez et

Roux; XXXIII。; 101 (May 26; 1794。) Report by Barère and decree of the

convention ordering that 〃No English prisoners should be taken。〃

Robespierre afterwards speaks in the same sense。  Ibid。; 458。  After

the capture of Newport; where they took five thousand English

prisoners; the French soldiers were unwilling to execute the

convention's decree; on which Robespierre (speech of Thermidor 8)

said: 〃I warn you that your decree against the English has constantly

been violated; England; so ill…treated in our speeches; is spared by

our arms。〃



'141' On the Girondists; Cf。  〃The Revolution;〃 II。; 216。



'142' Buchez et Roux; XXX。; 157。  Sketch of a speech on the Fabre

d'Eglantine factim。  … Ibid。; 336; Speech at the Jacobin Club against

Clootz。  … XXXII。; abstract of a report on the Chabot affair; 18。…

Ibid。; 69; Speech on maintaining Danton's arrest。



'143' Ibid。; XXX。; 378。  (Dec。10; 1793。) With respect to the women who

crowd the Convention in order to secure the liberty of their husbands:

〃Should the repubican women forget their virtues as citizens whenever

they remembering that they are wives?〃



'144' Hamel; III。; 196。  … Michelet; V。; 394; abstract of the judicial

debates on the disposition of the Girondists: 〃The minutes of this

decree are found in Robespierre's handwriting。〃



'145' De Martel; 〃Types revolutionnaires;〃 44。  The instructions sent

to the Revolutionary Tribunal at Orange are in Robespierre's

handwriting。  … (Archives Nationales; F7 4439。)



'146' Merlin de Thionville。



'147' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 71。  (On Danton。) 〃Before the day is

over we shall see whether the convention will shatter an idol a long

time rotten。  。  。  。  In what respect is Danton superior to his

fellow…citizens? 。  。  。  。  I say that the man who now hesitates is

guilty。  。  。  。  。  The debate; just begun; is a danger to the

country。〃 … Also the speech in full; against Clootz。



'148' Ibid。; XXX。; 338。  〃Alas; suffering patriots; what can we do;

surrounded by enemies fighting in our own ranks! 。  。  。  Let us

watch; for the fall of our country is not far off;〃 etc。  … These

cantatas; with the accompaniments of the celestial harp; are terrible

if we consider the circumstances。  For instance; on the 3rd of

September; 1792; in the electoral assembly while the massacres are

going on: 〃M。 Robespierre climbs up on the tribune and declares that

he will calmly face the steel of the enemies of public good; and carry

with him to his grave the satisfaction of having served his country;

the certainty of France having preserved its liberty〃。  … (Archives

Nationales; C。  II。; 58…76。)



'149' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 360; 371。  (Speech of May 7; 1794。)

〃Danton1 the most dangerous; if he had not been the most cowardly; of

the enemies of his country 。  。  。  。  Danton; the coldest; the most

indifferent; during his country's greatest peril。〃



'150' Ibid。; XXXIV。;  Cf。  the description of him by Fievée; who saw

him in the tribune at the Jacobin Club。



'151' Merlin de Thionville 〃A vague; painful anxiety; due to his

temperament; was the sole source of his activity。〃



'152' Barère; 〃 Mémoires。〃 〃He wanted to rule France influentially

rather than directly。〃 … Buchez et Roux; XIV。; 188。  
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