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the origins of contemporary france-4-第66部分

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since the Revolution began。〃



'82' 〃Souvenirs d'un déporté。〃 by P。  Villiers; (Robespierre's

secretary for seven months in 1790;) p。  2。  〃Of painstaking

cleanliness。〃 … Buchez et Roux; XXXIV。; 94。  Description of

Robespierre; published in the newspapers after his death: 〃His clothes

were exquisitely clean and his hair always carefully brushed。〃



'83' D'Hericault; 〃La Revolution du 9 Thermidor;〃 (as stated by

Daunou)。  … Meillan; 〃Mémoires;〃 p。4。  〃His eloquence was nothing but

diffusive declamation without order or method; and especially with no

conclusions。  Every time he spoke we were obliged to ask him what he

was driving at。。。。。  Never did he propose any remedy。  He left the

task of finding expedients to others; and especially to Danton。〃



'84' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 437; 438; 440; 442。  (Speech by

Robespierre; Thermidor 8; year II。)



'85' Ibid。; XXX。; 225; 226; 227; 228 (Speech; Nov。  17; 1793); and

XXXI。; 255 (Speech; Jan。26; '794)。  〃The policy of the London Cabinet

largely contributed to the first movement of our Revolution。。。。

Taking advantage of political tempests (the cabinet) aimed to effect

in exhausted and dismembered France a change of dynasty and to place

tke Duke of York on the throne of Louis XVI。  。。  。  Pitt。。。。is an

imbecile; whatever may be said of a reputation that has been much too

greatly puffed up。  A man who; abusing the influence acquired by him

on an island placed haphazard in the ocean; is desirous of contending

with the French people; could not have conceived of such an absurd

plan elsewhere than in a madhouse。〃 … Cf。  Ibid。; XXX。; 465。



'86' Ibid。; XXVI。; 433; 441; (Speech on the Constitution; May 10;

1793); XXXI。; 275。  〃Goodness consists in the people preferring itself

to what is not itself; the magistrate; to be good; must sacrifice

himself to the people。〃。  。  。  。  〃Let this maxim be first adopted

that the people are good and that its delegates are corruptible。〃。  。

。  XXX。; 464。  (Speech; Dec。25; 1793): 〃The virtues are the appanages

of the unfortunate and the patrimony of the people。〃



'87' Cf。  passim; Hamel; 〃Histoire de Robespierre;〃 3 vols。  An

elaborate panegyric full of details。  Although eighty years have

elapsed; Robespierre still makes dupes of people through his attitudes

and rhetorical flourishes。  M。 Hamel twice intimates his resemblance

to Jesus Christ。  The resemblance; indeed; is that of Pascal's Jesuits

to the Jesus of the Gospel。



'88' 〃The Ancient Regime;〃 p。262。



'89' Garat; 〃Mémoires;〃 84。  Garat who is himself an ideologist; notes

〃his eternal twadle about the rights of man; the sovereignty of the

people; and other principles which he was always talking about; and on

which he never gave utterance to one precise or fresh idea。〃



'90' Read especially his speech on the constitution; (May 10; 1793);

his report on the principles of Republican Government; (Dec。15; 1793);

his speech on the relationship between religious and national ideas

and republican principles (May 7; 1794) and speech of Thermidor 8。…

Carnot: 〃Memoires;〃 II。; 512。  〃In all deliberations on affairs he

contributed nothing but vague generalities。〃



'91' During this century all important Jacobin leaders; Hitler;

Mussolini; Lenin; Stalin; Castro etc。  have in their turn followed

robespierre's example and bored their captive audiences with their

interminable speeches。  (SR)。



'92' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 406。  (Speech delivered Thermidor 8th。)

The printed copy of the manuscript with corrections and erasures。



'93' Ibid。; 420; 422; 427。



'94' Ibid。; 428; 435; 436。  〃O day forever blessed! What a sight to

behold; the entire French people assembled together and rendering to

the author of nature the only homage worthy of him! How affecting each

object that enchants the eye and touches the heart of man! O honored

old age! O generous ardor of the young of our country! O the innocent;

pure joy of youthful citizens! O the exquisite tears of tender

mothers! O the divine charms of innocence and beauty! What majesty in

a great people happy in its strength; power and virtue!〃 … 〃No;

Charmette; No; death is not the sleep of eternity!〃 … 〃Remember; O;

People; that in a republic; etc。〃 … 〃If such truths must be dissembled

then bring me the hemlock!〃



'95' Speech; May 7; 1794。  (On moral and religious ideas in relation

to republican principles。)



'96' Personifications。  From Greek to make persons。  (SR)。



'97' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 436。  〃The verres and Catilines of our

country。〃 (Speech of Thermidor 8th。) … Note especially the speech

delivered March 7; 1794; crammed full of classical reminiscences。



'98' Ibid。; XXXIII。; 421。  〃Truth has touching and terrible accents

which reverberate powerfully in pure hearts as in guilty consciences;

and which falsehood can no more counterfeit than Salome can

counterfeit the thunders of heaven。〃 … 437: 〃Why do those who

yesterday predicted such frightful tempests now gaze only on the

fleeciest clouds? Why do those who but lately exclaimed 'I affirm that

we are treading on a volcano' now behold themselves sleeping on a bed

of roses?〃



'99' Ibid。; XXXII。; 360; 361。  (Portraits of the encyclopaedists and

Hébertists。)



'100' Ibid。; XXXIII。; 408。  〃Here; I have to open my heart。〃 … XXXII。;

475…478; the concluding part。



'101' Hamel: 〃Histoire de Robespierre;〃 I。; 34…76。  An attorney at 23;

a member of the Rosati club at Arras at 24; a member of the Arras

Academy at 25。  The Royal Society of Metz awarded him a second prize

for his discourse against the prejudice which regards the relatives of

condemned criminals as infamous。  His eulogy of Gresset is not crowned

by the Amiens Academy。  He reads before the Academy of Arras a

discourse against the civil incapacities of illegitimate children; and

then another on reforms in criminal jurisprudence。  In 1789; he is

president of the Arras Academy; and publishes an eulogy of Dupaty and

an address to the people from Artois on the qualities necessary for

future deputies。



'102' See his eulogy of Rousseau in the speech of May 7; 1794。

(Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 369。  … Garat; 85。  〃I hoped that his

selection of Rousseau for a model of style and the constant reading of

his works would exert some good influence on his character。〃



'103' Fievée; 〃correspondance〃 (introduction)。  Fievée; who heard him

at the Jacobin Club; said that he resembled a 〃tailor of the ancient

regime。〃 La Réeveillère…Lepeaux; ′〃Mmoires。〃 … Buchez et Roux; XXXIV。;

94。  … Malouet; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 135。  (Session of May 31; 1791; after

the delivery of Abbé Raynal's address。) 〃This is the first and only

time I found Robespierre clear and even eloquent。  。  。  。  He spun

out his opening phrases as usual; which contained the spirit of his

discourse; and which; in spite of his accustomed rigmarole; produced

the effect he intended。〃



'104' Courrier de Provence; III。; No。  52; (Oct。  7 and 8
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