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the origins of contemporary france-4-第35部分

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religion of Socrates; of Marcus Aurelius and Cicero will be the

religion of the whole world。〃



'39' Moniteur; XVI。; 646。  (The King's trial。) Speech by Robespierre:

〃the right of punishing the tyrant and of dethroning him is one and

the same thing。〃 … Speech by Saint…Just: 〃Royalty is an eternal crime;

against which every man has the right of taking up arms 。  。  。  To

reign innocently is impossible!〃



'40' Epigraph of Marat's journal: Ute readapt miseries; abet Fortuna

superb is。



'41' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 323。  (Report of Saint…Just; Germinal 21;

year II。; and a decree of Germinal 26…29; Art。  4; 13; 15。) … Ibid。;

315。



'42' Buchez et Roux; (Report of Saint…Just; October 10; 1793。) 〃That

would be the only good they could do their country。  。  。  。  It would

be no more than just for the people to reign over its oppressors in

its turn; and that their pride should be bathed in the sweat of their

brows。〃



'43' Ibid。; XXXI。; 309。  (Report of Saint…Just; Vent?se 8; year II。)



'44' Ibid。; XXVI。  435。  (Speech by Robespierre on the constitution;

May 10; 1793。) 〃What were our usages and pretended laws other than a

code of impertinence and baseness; where contempt of men was subject

to a sort of tariff; and graduated according to regulations as odd as

they were numerous? To despise and be despised; to cringe in order to

rule; slaves and tyrants in turn; now kneeling before a master; now

trampling the people under foot … such was the ambition of all of us;

so long as we were men of birth or well educated men; whether common

folks or fashionable folks; lawyers or financiers; pettifoggers or

wearing swords。〃 … Archives Nationales; F7; 31167。  (Report of the

observatory Chaumont; Niv?se 10; year II。) … 〃Boolean's effigy; placed

in the college of Lisle; has been lowered to the statues of the

saints; the latter being taken out of their niches。  There is now no

kind of distinction。  Saints and authors are of the same class。〃



'45' Buchez et Roux。; 296。  (〃Institutions〃 by Saint…Just。) … Meillan;

〃Mémoires;〃 p。  17。  … Anne Plumptre; 〃A narrative of three years'

residence in France; from 1802 to 1805;〃 II。; 96。  At Marseilles: 〃The

two great crimes charged on those who doomed to destruction; were here

as elsewhere; wealth and aristocracy。  。  。  It had been decreed by

the Terrorists that no person could have occasion for more than two

hundred livres a year; and that no income should be permitted to

exceed that sum。〃



'46' Archives Nationales; F7; 4437。  (Address of the people's club of

Caisson (Gard); Messidor 7; year II。) 〃The Bourgeoisie; the

merchants; the large land…owners have all the pretension of the ex…

nobles。  The law provides no means for opening the eyes of the common

people in relation to these new tyrants。  The club desires that the

revolutionary tribunal should be empowered to condemn this proud class

of individuals to a prompt partial confinement。  The people would then

see that they had committed a misdemeanor and would withdraw that sort

of respect in which they hold them。〃 A note in the hand…writing of

Couthon: 〃Left to the decision of popular commissions。〃



'47' Gouvernor Morris; in a letter of January 4; 1796; says that

French capitalists have been financially ruined by assignats; and

physically by the guillotine。  … Buchez et Roux; XXX。; 26。  (Notes

written by Robespierre in June; 1793。) 〃Internal dangers come from the

bourgeois。  。  。  who are our enemies? The vicious and the rich。〃



'48' Narrative by M。 Sylvester de Sacy (May 23; 1873): His father

owned a farm bringing in four thousand francs per annum; the farmer

offered him four thousand francs in assignats or a hog; M。 de Sacy

took the hog。



'49' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 441。  (Report by Cambon on the institution

of the grand livre of public debt; August 15; 1793。)



'50' Ibid。; XXXI。; 311。  Report by Saint…Just; February 26; 1794; and

decree in accordance therewith; unanimously adopted。  See; in

particular; article 2。  … Moniteur; 12 Vent?se; year II。  (meeting of

the Jacobin club; speech by Collot d'Herbois)。  〃The Convention has

declared that prisoners must prove that they were patriots from the

1st of May 1789。  When the patriots and enemies of the Revolution

shall be fully known; then the property of the former shall be

inviolable and held sacred; while that of the latter will be

confiscated for the benefit of the republic。〃



'51' Buchez et Roux; XXVI。; 455 (Session of the Jacobin Club; May 10;

1793; speech by Robespierre。) … Ibid。; (Report by Saint…Just; Feb。

26; 1794。) 〃He who has shown himself an enemy of his country cannot be

one of its proprietors。  Only he has patrimonial rights who has helped

to free it。〃



'52' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 93 and 130。  (Speech by Robespierre on

property; and the declaration of rights adopted by the Jacobin club。)

Decree of Sept。  3; 1793 (articles 13 and 14)。



'53' Moniteur; XXII。; 719。  (Report by Cambon; Frimaire 6; year III。)

At Bordeaux Raba has been sentenced to pay a fine of 1;200;000 francs;

Pechotte to pay 500;000 francs; Martin…Martin to 300;000 francs。〃 …

Cf。  Rodolphe Reuss; 〃Séligmann Alexandre ou les Tribulations d'un

israélite de Strasbourg。〃



'54' Ibid。; XVIII。; 486。  (Report by Cambon; Frimaire 1; year II。)

〃The egotists who; some time ago; found it difficult to pay for the

national domains they had acquired from the Republic; even in

assignats; now bring us their gold 。  。  。  Collectors of the revenue

who had buried their gold have come and offered to pay what they owe

the nation in ingots of gold and silver。  These have been refused; the

Assembly having decreed the confiscation of these objects。〃



'55' Decree of Brumaire 23; year II。  On taxes and confiscations in

the provinces see M。 de Martel; 〃Etude sur Fouché et Pieces

authentiques servant à l'histoire de la revolution à Strasbourg。〃 And

further on the details of this operation at Troyes。  … Meillan; 90:

〃At Bordeaux; merchants were heavily taxed; not on account of their

incivism; but on account of their wealth。〃



'56' Decree of March 7…11; 1793。



'57' Moniteur; XVIII。; 274; decrees of Brumaire 4; and ibid; 305;

decree of Brumaire 9; year II。; establishing equal partition of

inheritances with retroactive effect to July 14; 1789。  Adulterous

bastards are excepted。  The reporter of the bill; Cambacèrés; laments

this regrettable exception。



'58' Rights of inheritance allowed to the descendants of a deceased

person who never enjoyed these rights; but who might have enjoyed them

had he been living when they fell to him。  … Tr。



'59' Fenet; 〃Travaux du Code civil。〃 (Report by Cambacèrés on the Code

civil; August 9; 1793)。  The spokesman for the committee that had

framed the bill makes excuses for not having deprived the father of

all the disposable portion。  〃The committee believed that such a

clause would seriously violate our customs without being of any

benefit to
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