the origins of contemporary france-4-第21部分

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everybody　is　convinced　of　their　guilt。　　。　　。　　。　　It　is　the　Convention

which　must　remove　all　formalities　that　interfere　with　the　course

pursued　by　the　tribunal。〃　…　Moniteur；　XVII。；　（Session　of　October　28）；

291。　　The　decree　provoked　by　a　petition　of　Jacobins；　is　passed　on

motion　of　Osselin；　aggravated　by　Robespierre。



＇109＇　Louvet；　〃Mémoires；〃　321。　　（List　of　the　Girondists　who　perished

or　who　were　proscribed。　　Twenty…four　fugitives　survived。）



＇110＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　VIII。；　395；　416；　435。　　The　terror　and　disgust

of　the　majority　is　seen　in　the　small　number　of　voters。　　Their

abstention　from　voting　is　the　more　significant　in　relation　to　the

election　of　the　dictators。　　The　members　of　the　Committee　of　Public

Safety；　elected　on　the　16th　of　July；　obtain　from　one　hundred　to　one

hundred　and　ninety…two　votes。　　The　members　of　the　Committee　of

Security　obtain　from　twenty…two　to　one　hundred　and　thirteen　votes。

The　members　of　the　same　committee；　renewed　on　the　11th　of　September；

obtain　from　fifty…two　to　one　hundred　and　eight　votes。　　The　judges　of

the　revolutionary　tribunal；　completed　on　the　3rd　of　August；　obtain

from　forty…seven　to　sixty…five　votes。　　…　Meillan；　85。　　（In　relation　to

the　institution　of　the　revolutionary　government；　on　motion　of　Bazire；

Aug。　　28）。　　〃Sixty　or　eighty　deputies　passed　this　decree。　　。　　。　　it

was　preceded　by　another　passed　by　a　plurality　of　thirty　against　ten。

。　　。　　For　two　months　the　session　the　best　attended；　contains　but　one

hundred　deputies。　　The　Montagnards　overran　the　departments　to　deceive

or　intimidate　the　people。　　The　rest；　discouraged；　keep　away　from　the

meetings　or　take　no　part　in　the　proceedings。〃



＇111＇　The　meaning　and　motives　of　this　declaration　are　clearly

indicated　in　Bazire's　speech。　　〃Since　the　adoption　of　the

Constitution；〃　he　says；　〃Feuillantism　has　raised　its　head；　a　struggle

has　arisen　between　energetic　and　moderate　patriots。　　At　the　end　of　the

Constituent　Assembly；　the　Feuillants　possessed　themselves　of　the　words

law；　order；　public；　peace；　security；　to　enchain　the　zeal　of　the

friends　of　freedom；　the　same　man？uvres　are　practiced　to…day。　　You　must

shatter　the　weapon　in　your　enemies'　hands；　which　they　use　against

you。〃　…　Durand…Maillane；　154。　　〃The　simple　execution　of　constitutional

laws；〃　said　Bazire；　〃made　for　peaceable　times；　would　be　impotent　among

the　conspiracies　that　surround　you。〃　…　Meillan；　108。



＇112＇　Moniteur；　XVIII；　106。　　（Report　of　Saint…Just　on　the　organization

of　the　revolutionary　government；　October　10th；　and　the　decree　in

conformity　therewith。）　Ibid。；　473。　　（Report　of　Billaud…Varennes　on　a

mode　of　provisional　and　revolutionary　government；　Nov。　　18th；　and

decree　in　conformity　therewith。）　…　Ib。；　479　（session　of　Nov。　　22nd；

1793；。…　Speech　of　Hébrard；　spokesman　of　a　deputation　from　Cantal）。　　〃A

central　committee　of　surveillance；　a　revolutionary　army；　has　been

established　in　our　department。　　Aristocrats；　suspects；　the　doubtful；

moderates；　egoists；　all　gentlemen　without　distinguishing　those　who

have　done　nothing　for　the　revolution　from　those　who　have　acted　against

it；　await　in　retirement　the　ulterior　measures　required　by　the

interests　of　the　Republic。　　I　have　said　without　distinction　of　the

indifferent　from　the　suspects；　for　we　hold　to　these　words　of　Solon's：

〃　He　who　is　not　with　us　is　against　us。〃



＇113＇　The　trousers　used　in　pre…Revolutionary　France　by　the　nobility

was　called　culottes；　they　terminated　just　below　the　knee　where　the

long　cotton　or　silken　stockings　would　begin。　　The　less　affluent　used

long　trousers　and　no　socks　and　became　known　as　the　Sans…culottes　which

became　；　as　mentioned　in　vol。　　II。　　a　nickname　for　the　revolutionary

proletariat。　　（SR。）



＇114＇　Moniteur；　（Speech　by　Danton；　March　26；　1794。）　〃In　creating

revolutionary　committees　the　desire　was　to　establish　a　species　of

dictatorship　of　citizens　the　most　devoted　to　liberty　over　those　who

rendered　themselves　suspects。〃



＇115＇　Mallet…Dupan；　II。；　8。　　（February；　1794）。　　〃At　this　moment　the

entire　people　is　disarmed。　　Not　a　gun　can　be　found　either　in　town　or

country。　　If　anything　attests　the　super…natural　power　which　the

leaders　of　the　Convention　enjoy；　it　is　to　see；　in　one　instant；　through

one　act　of　the　will　and　nobody　offering　any　resistance；　or　complaining

of　it；　the　nation　from　Perpignan　to　Lille；　deprived　of　every　means　of

defense　against　oppression；　with　a　facility　still　more　unprecedented

than　that　which　attended　the　universal　arming　of　the　nation　in　1789。〃

…　〃A　Residence　in　France；〃　II。；　409。　　〃The　National　Guard　as　a　regular

institution　was　in　great　part　suppressed　after　the　summer　of　1793；

those　who　composed　it　being　gradually　disarmed。　　Guard…mounting　was

continued；　but　the　citizens　performing　this　service　were；　with　very

few　exceptions；　armed　with　pikes；　and　these　again　were　not　fully

entrusted　to　them；　each　man；　on　quitting　his　post；　gave　up　his　arms

more　punctually　than　if　he　had　been　bound　to　do　so　through

capitulation　with　a　victorious　enemy。〃



＇116＇　Moniteur；　XVIII。；　106。　　（Report　by　Saint…Just；　Oct。　　10th）。



＇117＇　Ibid。；　473。　　（Report　of　Billaud…Varennes；　Nov。　　13th）。



＇118＇　Ibid。；　XVIII。；　591。　　（Speech　by　Couthon；　December　4th）。　　Ibid。；

Barère：　〃Electoral　assemblies　are　monarchical　institutions；　they

attach　to　royalism；　they　must　be　specially　avoided　in　revolutionary

times。〃



＇119＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　VIII。；　40。　　（Decree　passed　on　the　proposition

of　Danton；　session　of　September　13th）。　　The　motive　alleged　by　Danton

is　that　〃members　are　still　found　on　the　committees　whose　opinions；　at

least；　approach　federalism。〃　Consequently　the　committees　are　purified；

and　particularly　the　Committee　of　General　Security。　　Six　of　its

members　are　stricken　off　（Sept。　　14）；　and　the　list　sent　in　by　the

Committee　of　Public　safety　passes　without　discussion。



＇120＇　Moniteur；　XVIII。；　592。　　（Session　of　December　4；　speech　by

Robespierre）。



＇121＇　Miot　de　Melito；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　47。



＇122＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXVIII。；　153。　　Mortimer…Ternaux；　VIII。；　443。

（Decree　of　September　28th）。　　…　Wallon；　〃Histoire　du　Tribunal

Révolutionaire　de　Paris；〃　IV。；　112。



＇123＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXIV。；　300。　　（Trial　of　Fouquier…Tinville　and

associates）。　　Bill　of　indictment：　〃One　of　these　publicly　boasted　of

always　having　voted　death。　　Others　state　that　they　were　content　to　see

people　to　give　their　judgment；　physical　inspection　alone　determined

them　to　vote　death。　　Another　said；　that　when　there　was　no　offense

committed　it　was　necessary　to　imagine　one。　　Another　is　a　regular　sot

and　has　never　sat　in　judgment　but　in　a　state　of　intoxication。　　Others

came　to　the　bench　only　to　fire　their　volleys。〃　Etc。　　（Supporting

evidence。）　…　Observe；　moreover；　that　judges　and　juries　are　bound　to

kill　under　penalty　of　death　（Ibid。；30）。〃　Fouquier…Tinville　states　that

on　the　22nd　of　Prairial　he　took　the　same　step　（to　resign）　with

Chatelet；　Brochet　and　Lerry；　when　they　met　Robespierre；　returning　to

the　National　Convention　arm…in…ar