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the origins of contemporary france-4-第16部分
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Roman law of lèse…majesty; refurbished old blades which civilization
had dulled; aiming them at every throat and now wielded at random
against liberties; property and lives。 It is called the
〃revolutionary government;〃 according to official statements it is to
last until peace is secured; in the minds of genuine Jacobins it must
continue until all the French have been regenerated in accordance with
the formula。
____________________________________________________________________
Notes:
'1' Titus Flavious Clemens; (Greek writer born in Athens around 150
and dead in Cappadoce in 250) He lived in Alexandria。 (SR)。
'2' The words of Marat。
'3' After the Constitution is completed; said Legendre; in the Jacobin
club; we will make the federalists dance。
'4' Archives Nationales; F。I。C。。 56; (Circular of Gohier; Minister of
Justice; to the French people; July 6; 1793)。 〃Certain persons are
disposed to pervert the events of May 31 and June 2; by atrocious
exaggerations and the grossest fables; and prevent the fortunate
results they present from being seen。 They are absolutely determined
to see nothing but violations of the liberty of the people's
representatives in a step which was specially designed to hasten on
the Constitutional Act on which the liberty of all is established。 Of
what consequence is it who are the authors of the Constitution
presented to you? What does it matter whether it issues from a
mountain amidst lightning and the rolling thunder; like the Tables of
the Law given to the Hebrews; or whether it comes; like the laws given
to the early Romans; inspired in the tranquil asylum of a divinity
jealous of his religious surroundings? Is this constitution worthy of
a free people? That is the only question which citizens who wear the
livery of no party need examine!〃
'5' Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。; 177。 (report by Hérault Séchelles; June
10; 1793)。 Ibid; XXXI。; 400。 (Text of constitution submitted to
discussion June 11th; and passed June 24th。)
'6' De Sybel; II。; 331。 (According to the facsimile published in the
Quarterly Review)。 〃Hérault says that he and four of his colleagues
are ordered to furnish the draft of a constitution by Monday。〃
'7' Report by Hérault…Séchelles。 (Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。 178。)
'8' Buchez et Roux; XXXI; 400。 (Articles of the Declaration of
Rights; 1; 7; 9; 11; 27; 31; 35)
'9' Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。; 178。 Report by Hérault…Séchelles。 〃Each
of us had the same desire; that of attaining to the greatest
democratic result。 The sovereignty of the people and the dignity of
man were constantly in our minds。 。 。 A secret sentiment tells us
that our work is perhaps the most popular that ever existed。〃
'10' Archives Nationales; B。 II。; 23。 (Table of votes by the
commission appointed to collect the procès…verbaux of the adoption of
the constitution; August 20; 1793。) Number of primary assemblies
sending in their procès…verbaux; 6;589 (516 cantons have not yet sent
theirs in)。 Number of voters on call; 1;795;908; Yes; 1;784;377;
Noes; 11;531。 Number of primary assemblies voting Yes unanimously;
not on call of names; 297。 At Paris; 40;990 voters; at Troyes;
2;491; at Limoges; 2;137。 Cf。 For details and motives of
abstention; Sauzay IV。 pp。 157…161。 Albert Babeau; II; pp。 83 and
84。 Moniteur; XVII。; 375 (speech by the representative Desvars)。
'11' Ibid。; Moniteur; XVII。; 20。 (report by Barrère on the
convocation of the primary assemblies; June 17; 1793。) Ibid。; 102
(Report of Cambon; July 11)。 〃It is now a fortnight since you
demanded a Constitution。 Very well; here it is 。 。 。 。 Respect
for persons and property is amply secured in it。 Yes; more definitely
than in any other constitution。 Does it provide for its own revision?
Yes; for in six weeks; we can convoke the primary assemblies and
express our desire for the reform that may appear necessary。 … Will
the popular wish be respected? Yes; the people then will make
definitive laws。〃
'12' Guillon de Montléon; I。; 282; 309。 Buchez et Roux; XXVIII;
356; 357 (Journal de Lyon Nos。 223 and 224。) 〃The acceptance of the
Constitution was neither entire nor very sincere; people took credit
to themselves for accepting a vicious and sketchy production。〃
Meillan; 〃Mémoires;〃 120。 (In July he leaves Caen for Quimper)。
〃Although we were assured that we should pass only through Maratist
towns; we had the satisfaction of finding nearly all the inhabitants
regarding Marat with horror。 They had indeed accepted the
Constitution offered by the Committee of Public Safety; but solely to
end the matter and on conditions which would speak well for them; for;
everywhere the renewal of the Convention was exacted and the
punishment of assaults made on it。〃 This desire; and others analogous
to it; are given in the procès…verbaux of many of the primary
assemblies (Archives Nationales; B。 II。; 23); for example; in those
of the thirteen cantons of Ain。 A demand is made; furthermore; for
the reintegration of the Twenty…two; the abolition of the
revolutionary tribunal; the suppression of absolute proconsulates; the
organization of a department guard for securing the future of the
Convention; the discharge of the revolutionary army; etc。
'13' Moniteur; XVII。; 20。 Report of Barère: 〃The Constitutional act
is going to draw the line between republicans and royalists。〃
'14' Archives Nationales; F。I。C。; 54。 (Circular of the Minister;
Gohier; July 6; 1793。) 〃It is to…day that; summoned to the alter of
the country; those who desire the Republic will be known by name; and
those who do not desire it; whether they speak or keep silent; will be
equally known。〃
'15' Sauzay; IV。; 160; 161。 (Article by the Vidette。) Consequently;
〃all the unconstitutionalists nobles and priests considered it a duty
to go the assemblies and joyfully accept a constitution which
guaranteed liberty and property to everybody。〃
'16' 〃Journal des Débats de la Société des Jacobins;〃 No。 For July
27; 1793 (correspondence; No。 122)。
'17' Moniteur; XVII。; 156; 163。
'18' Sauzay; IV。; 158: 〃The motives for judgments were thus stated by
judges themselves。〃
'19' Moniteur; XVII。; 40; 48; 72; 140; 175; 194; 263。 (Cf。 Speeches
by Chaumette; July 14; and Report by Gossoin; August 9)。 … Archives
Nationales; B。 II。; 23。 Negative votes in Ardèche 5; in Aude 5;
Moselle 5; Sa?ne…et…Loire 5; C?te…d'Or 4; Creuse 4; Haut…Rhin 4; Gers
4; Haute…Garonne 3; Aube 2; Bouches…du…Rh?ne 2; Cantal 2; Basses…Alpes
1; Haute…Marne 1; Haute…Vienne 1; Var 0; Seine 0。 … The details and
circumstances of voting are curious。 In the department of Aube; at
Troyes; the second section in agreement with the third; excluded
〃suspects〃 from the vote。 At Paris; the section 〃Gardes Fran?aise;
Fourcroy president; announces 1;714 voters; of which 1;678 are
citizens and 36 citoyennes。 In the 〃Mont Blanc〃 sec
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