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the origins of contemporary france-4-第148部分

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for the aristocrats? 。  。  。  It is I; who in the future will be your

company; I; who will make you familiar with the republican principles;

who will make you love them; and who will take care of your

improvement。〃



'148' Taillandier; Mémoires écrits par Daunau; à Port…Libre; in Aug。

1794; p。51; 52。



'149' Granier du Cassagnac; 〃Histoire du Directoire;〃 i。; 107。  (Trial

of Babeuf; extracts from Buonarotti; programme des 〃Egaux。〃) All

literature in favor of Revelation must be prohibited: children are to

be brought up in common; the child will no longer bear his father's

name; no Frenchman shall leave France; towns shall be demolished;

chateaux torn down and books proscribed; all Frenchmen shall wear one

special costume; armies shall be commanded by civil magistrates; the

dead shall be prosecuted and obtain burial only according to the

favorable decision of the court; no written document shall be

published without the consent of the government; etc。〃 … Cf。  〃Les

Meditations de Saint…Just。〃



'150' Guillon de Montléon; II。; 174。



'151' 〃Memoires sur les Prisons;〃 I。; 211; II。; 187。  … Beaulieu;

〃Essais;〃 V。; 320。  〃The prisons became the rendezvous of good

society。〃



'152'  〃The Revolution;〃 vol。3; ch。  6; ante。



'153' Chateaubriand: 〃Génie du Christianisme;〃 part 4; book II。; notes

on the exhumations at St。  Denis taken by a monk; an eye…witness。

Destruction; August 6 and 8; 1793; of fifty…one monuments。  Exhumation

of bodies; October 12 and 25; 1793。  … Camille Boursier; 〃Essai sur la

Terreur en Anjou;〃 p。223。  (Testimony of Bordier…Langlois。) 〃I saw the

head of our good Duke Réné; deposited in the chapel of St。  Bernardin;

in the Cordéliers at Angers; tossed like a ball by some laborers from

one to the other。〃



'154' R。  Chantelauze; 〃Louis XVII。;〃 (according to unpublished

documents)。  This book; free of declamation and composed according to

the critical method; sets this question at rest。



'155' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Revolutionnaire;〃 III。; 285。  …

Campardon; 〃Hist。  du Tribunal Révolutionnaire de Paris;〃 I。; 306。

Brochet; one of the jury; was formerly a lackey。



'156' The above simply conveys the sense of the document; which is

here given in the original: 〃Si tu n'est pas toute seulle et que le

compagnion soit a travailier tu peus ma chaire amie venir voir juger

24 mesieurs tous si…deven président on conselier au parlement de Paris

et de Toulouse。  Je t' ainvite a prendre quelque choge aven de venir

parcheque nous naurons pas fini de 3 hurres。  Je tembrase ma chère

amie et épouge。〃 (TR)。



'157' Wallon; III。; 402。



'158' Campardon; II。; 350。  …  Cf。  Causeries du Lundi;〃 II。; 164。

Saint…Beuve's comment on the examination。  〃André Chénier; natife de

Constantinoble。。。。son frère vice…consulte en Espagne。  〃Remark the

questions on his health and correspondence and the cock…and…bull story

about the 'maison a cotté。' 〃 … They ask him where his servant was on

the 10th of August; 1792; and he replies that he could not tell。  〃A

lui representé qua lepoque de cette journee que touts les bons

citoyent ny gnoroit point leurs existence et quayant enttendue batte

la générale cettait un motife de plus pour reconnoitre tous les bons

citoyent et le motife au quelle il setait employée pour sauvee la

Republique。  A repondue quil avoit dite l'exacte véritée。  A lui

demandée quel etoit dite l'exacte veritée …  a repondue que cetoit

toutes ce qui etoit cy dessue。〃







CHAPTER II。   Food and Provisions。



I。   Economical Complexity of Food Chain。



Complexity of the economical operation by which articles of prime

necessity reach the consumer。…  Conditions of the operation。   …

Available resources。   … Cases in which these are not available。   …

Case of the holder of these being no longer disposed to make them。



Suppose a man forced to walk with his feet in the air and his head

downward。  By using extremely energetic measures he might; for a

while; be made to maintain this unwholesome attitude; and certainly at

the expense of a bruised or broken skull; it is very probable;

moreover; that he would use his feet convulsively and kick terribly。

But it is certain that if this course were persisted in; the man would

experience intolerable pain and finally sink down; the blood would

stop circulating and suffocation would ensue; the trunk and limbs

would suffer as much as the head; and the feet would become numb and

inert。  … Such is more or less the history of France under its Jacobin

pedagogues; their rigid theory and persistent brutality impose on the

nation an attitude against nature; consequently she suffers; and each

day suffers more and more; the paralysis increases; the functions get

out of order and cease to act; while the last and principal one;'1'

the most urgent; namely; physical support and the daily nourishment of

the living individual; is so badly accomplished; against so many

obstacles; interruptions; uncertainties and deficiencies; that the

patient; reduced to extreme want; asks if to…morrow will not be worse

than to…day; and whether his semi…starvation will not end in complete

starvation。



Nothing; apparently; is simpler; and yet really more complex; than the

physiological process by which; in the organized body; the proper

restorative food flows regularly to the spot where it is needed; among

the innumerably diverse and distant cells。  In like manner; nothing is

simpler at the first glance; and yet more complex; than the economical

process by which; in the social organism; provisions and other

articles of prime necessity; flow of themselves to all points of the

territory where they are needed and within reach of each consumer。  It

is owing to this that; in the social body as in the organized body;

the terminal act presupposes many others anterior to and co…ordinate

with it; a series of elaborations; a succession of metamorphoses; one

elimination and transportation after another; mostly invisible and

obscure; but all indispensable; and all of them carried out by

infinitely delicate organs; so delicate that; under the slightest

pressure; they get out of order; so dependent on each other that an

injury to one affects the operations of the rest; and thus suppresses

or perverts the final result to which; nearly or remotely; they all

contribute。



Consider; for a moment; these precious economical organs and their

mode of operation。  In any tolerably civilized community that has

lasted for any length of time; they consist; first in rank; of those

who possess wealth arising from the accumulation of old and recent

savings; that is to say; those who possess any sort of security; large

or small; in money; in notes; or in kind; whatever its form; whether

in lands; buildings or factories; in canals; shipping or machinery; in

cattle or tools; as well as in every species of merchandise or

produce。  … And see what use they make of these: each person;
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