the origins of contemporary france-4-第123部分

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II。；　amounts　to　7；840；　and；　on　Messidor　25　following；　notwithstanding

the　large　batches　of　50　and　60　persons　led　in　one　day；　and　every　day；

to　the　scaffold；　the　number　is　still　7；502。＇11＇　There　are　more　than

one　thousand　persons　in　the　prisons　of　Arras；　more　than　one　thousand

five　hundred　in　those　of　Toulouse；　more　than　three　thousand　in　those

of　Strasbourg；　and　more　than　thirteen　thousand　in　those　of　Nantes。　　In

the　two　departments　alone　of　Bouches　du…Rh？ne　and　Vaucluse；

Representative　Maignet；　who　is　on　the　spot；　reports　from　12；000　to

15；000　arrests。＇12＇　　〃A　little　before　Thermidor；〃　says　Representative

Beaulieu；　〃the　number　of　incarcerated　arose　to　nearly　400；000；　as　is

apparent　on　the　lists　and　registers　then　before　the　Committee　of

General　Security。〃＇13＇　…　　Among　these　poor　creatures；　there　are

children；　and　not　alone　in　the　prisons　of　Nantes　where　the

revolutionary　searches　have　collected　the　whole　of　the　rural

population；　in　the　prisons　of　Arras；　among　twenty　similar　cases；　I

find　a　coal…dealer　and　his　wife　with　their　seven　sons　and　daughters；

from　seventeen　down　to　six　years　of　age；　a　widow　with　her　four

children　from　nineteen　down　to　twelve　years　of　age；　another　noble

widow　with　her　nine　children；　from　seventeen　down　to　three　years　of

age；　and　six　children；　without　father　or　mother；　from　twenty…three

down　to　nine　years　of　age。＇14＇　…　These　prisoners　of　State　were

treated；　almost　everywhere；　worse　than　robbers　and　assassins　under　the

ancient　régime。　　They　began　by　subjecting　them　to　rapiotage；　that　is

to　say；　stripping　them　naked　or；　at　best；　feeling　their　bodies　under

their　shirts；　women　and　young　girls　fainted　away　under　this

examination；　formerly　confined　to　convicts　on　entering　the　bagnio。＇15＇

…　Frequently；　before　consigning　them　to　their　dungeons　or　shutting

them　up　in　their　cells；　they　would　be　left　two　or　three　nights　pell…

mell　in　a　lower　hall　on　benches；　or　in　the　court　on　the　pavement；

〃without　beds　or　straw。〃　〃The　feelings　are　wounded　in　all　directions；

every　point　of　sensibility；　so　to　say；　being　played　upon。　　They　are

deprived　one　after　the　other　of　their　property；　assignats；　furniture；

and　food；　of　daylight　and　lamp…light；　of　the　assistance　which　their

wants　and　infirmities　demand；　of　a　knowledge　of　public　events；　of　all

communication；　either　immediate　or　written；　with　fathers；　sons　and

husbands。〃＇16＇　They　are　obliged　to　pay　for　their　lodgings；　their

keepers；　and　for　what　they　eat；　they　are　robbed　at　their　very　doors　of

the　supplies　they　send　for　outside；　they　are　compelled　to　eat　at　a

mess…table；　they　are　furnished　with　scant　and　nauseous　food；　〃spoilt

codfish；　putrid　herrings　and　meat；　rotten　vegetables；　all　this

accompanied　with　a　mug　of　Seine　water　colored　red　with　some　drug　or

other。〃＇17＇　They　starve　them；　bully　them；　and　vex　them　purposely　as　if

they　meant　to　exhaust　their　patience　and　drive　them　into　a　revolt；　so

as　to　get　rid　of　them　in　a　mass；　or；　at　least；　to　justify　the

increasing　rapid　strokes　of　the　guillotine。　　They　are　huddled　together

in　tens；　twenties　and　thirties；　in　one　room　at　La　Force；　〃eight　in　a

chamber；　fourteen　feet　square；〃　where　all　the　beds　touch；　and　many

overlap　each　other；　where　two　out　of　the　eight　inmates　are　obliged　to

sleep　on　the　floor；　where　vermin　swarm；　where　the　closed　sky…lights；

the　standing　tub；　and　the　crowding　together　of　bodies　poisons　the

atmosphere。　　…　In　many　places；　the　proportion　of　the　sick　and　dying　is

greater　than　in　the　hold　of　a　slave…ship。　　〃Of　ninety　individuals　with

whom　I　was　shut　up　two　months　ago；〃　writes　a　prisoner　at　Strasbourg；

〃sixty…six　were　taken　to　the　hospital　in　the　space　of　eight　days。〃＇18＇

In　the　prisons　of　Nantes；　3000　out　13；000　prisoners　die　of　typhoid

fever　and　of　the　rot　in　two　months。＇19＇　　400　priests＇20＇　confined　on　a

vessel　between　decks；　in　the　roadstead　of　Aix；　stowed　on　top　of　each

other；　wasted　with　hunger；　eaten　up　by　vermin；　suffocated　for　lack　of

air；　half…frozen；　beaten；　mocked　at；　and　constantly　threatened　with

death；　suffer　still　more　than　Negroes　in　a　slave…hold；　for；　through

interest　in　his　freight；　the　captain　of　the　slaver　tries　to　keep　his

human　consignment　in　good　health；　whilst；　through　revolutionary

fanaticism；　the　crew　of　the　Aix　vessel　detests　its　cargo　of　〃black…

frocks〃　and　would　gladly　send　them　to　the　bottom。　　…　According　to　this

system；　which；　up　to　Thermidor　9；　grows　worse　and　worse；　imprisonment

becomes　a　torture；　oftentimes　mortal；　slower　and　more　painful　than　the

guillotine；　and　to　such　an　extent　that；　to　escape　it；　Champfort　opens

his　veins　and　Condorcet　swallows　poison。＇21＇The　third　expedient

consists　of　murder；　with　or　without　trial。　　…　178　tribunals；　of　which

40　are　ambulatory；　pronounce　in　every　part　of　the　territory　sentences

of　death　which　are　immediately　executed　on　the　spot。＇22＇　　Between

April　6；　1793；　and　Thermidor　9；　year　II。；　（July　27th；　1794）　that　of

Paris　has　2；625　persons　guillotined；＇23＇　while　the　provincial　judges

do　as　much　work　as　the　Paris　judges。　　In　the　small　town　of　Orange

alone；　they　guillotine　331　persons。　　In　the　single　town　of　Arras　they

have　299　men　and　93　women　guillotined。　　At　Nantes；　the　revolutionary

tribunals　and　military　committees　have；　on　the　average；　100　persons　a

day　guillotined；　or　shot；　in　all　1；971。　　In　the　city　of　Lyons　the

revolutionary　committee　admit　1；684；　while　Cadillot；　one　of

Robespierre's　correspondents；　advises　him　of　6；000。＇24＇　…　The

statement　of　these　murders　is　not　complete；　but　17；000　have　been

enumerated；＇25＇　〃most　of　them　effected　without　any　formality；　evidence

or　direct　charge；〃　among　others　the　murder　of　〃more　than　1200　women；

several　of　whom　were　octogenarians　and　infirm；〃＇26＇　particularly　the

murder　of　60　women　or　young　girls；　condemned　to　death；　say　the

warrants；　for　having　attended　the　services　of　unsworn　priests；　or　for

having　neglected　the　services　of　a　sworn　priest。



　〃The　accused；　ranged　in　order；　were　condemned　at　sight。　　Hundreds　of

death…sentences　took　about　a　minute　per　head。　　Children　of　seven；　five

and　four　years　of　age；　were　tried。　　A　father　was　condemned　for　the

son；　and　the　son　for　the　father。　　A　dog　was　sentenced　to　death。　　A

parrot　was　brought　forward　as　a　witness。　　Numbers　of　accused　persons

whose　sentences　could　not　be　written　out　were　executed。〃



　At　Angers；　the　sentences　of　over　four　hundred　men　and　three　hundred

and　sixty　women；　executed　for　the　purpose　of　relieving　the　prisons；

were　mentioned　on　the　registers　simply　by　the　letters　S　or　G　（shot　or

guillotined）。＇27＇　At　Paris；　as　in　the　provinces；　the　slightest

pretext＇28＇　served　to　constitute　a　crime。　　The　daughter　of　the

celebrated　painter；　Joseph　Vernet；＇29＇　was　guillotined　for　being　a　〃

receiver；〃　for　having　kept　fifty　pounds　of　candles　in　her　house；

distributed　among　the　employees　of　La　Muette　by　the　liquidators　of　the

civil　list。　　Young　de　Maillé；＇30＇　aged　sixteen　years；　was　guillotined

as　a　conspirator；　〃for　having　thrown　a　rotten　herring　in　the　face　of