money answers all things-第35部分

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e　of　Necessaries　for　such　a　Family　as　he　must　often　sustain；　and　which　indeed　he　was　chiefly　sent　into　this　World　to　raise；　are　not　very　near　equal：　I　say；　such　an　unhappy　State　of　Mankind　is；　in　my　Opinion；　worse　than　a　State　of　Nature　itself。　　　　　For　as　Men　form　themselves　into　Societies　or　Governments；　to　make　themselves　more　happy　than　they　would　be　in　a　State　of　Nature；　it　is　but　just；　that　as　they；　for　that　End；　give　up　their　natural　Right　to　the　Land；　which　by　this　Principle；　that　all　Men　by　Nature　are　born　equal；　they　have　an　indefeasable　Right　to　take　and　possess；　wherever　it　lies　unoccupied　by　any　other；　I　say；　it　is　but　just；　so　much　Land　be　continually　added　and　improv'd　amongst　them；　that　every　Thing　thereby　be　render'd　so　plentiful；　and　consequently　so　cheap；　that　the　Wages　of　the　labouring　Men；　and　Price　of　Necessaries　become　so　equal；　that　they　may　all　comfortably　support　such　a　Family；　as　they　were　sent　into　this　world　to　raise；　and　therefore　ought　to　support；　unless　through　Sickness　or　Weakness　such　an　one　becomes　unable　to　labour　for　them；　and　then　his　and　his　Family's　Support　becomes　a　just　Debt　on　the　Publick；　so　long　as　they　really　stand　in　need　of　it。　　　　　And；　I　further　say；　if　so　much　Land　were　continually　added；　and　so　well　improv'd　as　to　keep　these　Points　（viz。　the　Wages　of　the　labouring　Man；　and　Price　of　Necessaries　for　the　Support　of　a　Family）　together；　Trade　could　never　stand　in　need　of　any　other　Care　or　Concern　of　any　government；　let　the　Subjects　carry　it　on　in　whatever　Way　or　Manner　they　possibly　could。（38*）　For　if　the　Trade　were　so　gainful；　as　to　increase　the　Cash　amongst　the　People；　in　greater　Proportion　than　the　People　increase；　the　Prices　of　Things　would　only　become　higher　in　such　Proportion。　And　if　the　Cash　decreased　（which；　by　the　way；　I　believe　would　be　impossible）　as　then　more　of　the　People　must　fall　into　Tillage；　etc。　from　a　Want　of　Business；　which　is　the　necessary　Consequence　of　a　much　greater　Importation　of　Foreign；　than　Exportation　of　our　own　Commodities；　so　employing　the　People　this　Way；　would　bring　down　the　Prices　of　Things　to　the　cash　amongst　them　（i。e。　to　their　proper　value）；　and　would　soon；　by　making　their　Produce　and　Goods　so　much　cheaper；　enable　them　to　export　more　of　their　own；　and　import　less　foreign　Goods；　and　thereby　recover　their　foreign　and　maritime　Trade。　　　　　Thus　the　Flux　and　Reflux　of　Trade；　which　we　hence　see　is　all　govern'd　by　Money；　or；　in　other　Words；　by　the　Prices　Goods　of　all　Kinds　bear　in　each　Nation；　with　respect　to　the　Prices　of　the　same　Kinds　of　Goods　in　each　other　Nation；　would　infallibly　furnish　as　much　Employment　and　Happiness；　as　the　State　of　Mankind　is　capable　of。　And　thus　would　Government　answer　up　to　the　Felicity；　Mankind　wisely　sought　by　uniting　themselves　into　such　Bodies　and　Societies。　Nor　could　this　possibly　fail　of　making　Mankind　thus　happy；　unless　the　Defect　be　in　the　Constitution　of　the　World　it　self　to　answer　the　End。　And　I　think　none；　that　have　any　just　Sentiments　of　the　Perfections　of　the　Deity；　will　ever　suppose　that。　　　　　O　happy　Time！　when　shall　it　once　be；　that　Princes　and　great　Men　of　the　World　will　let　Mankind　thus　naturally　employ；　and　make　themselves　happy！　And　thus　suffering　them　to　support　themselves；　remove　much　of　the　Misery　of　the　World；　and　together　introduce　Knowledge；　and　Prudence；　and　Virtue　in　much　larger　Degrees　than　at　present！　For　Ignorance　and　Vice　are　almost　inseparably　connected　with　Poverty　and　Want。　The　Destruction　of　the　Poor　is　their　Poverty。

　　　　　　　　　　　　Finis

NOTES：

1。　William　Nichols；　D。D。　in　his　Conference　with　a　Theist；　Page　64。　says；　To　consider　farther；　how　mightily　this　Nation　of　ours　hath　increased　within　a　Century　or　two；　notwithstanding　the　many　civil　and　external　Wars；　and　those　vast　Drains　of　People　that　have　been　made　into　our　Plantations　since　the　Discovery　of　America：　How　the　City　of　London　hath　doubled　itself　within　these　forty　Years；　notwithstanding　the　last　great　Plague；　and　how　the　Country　hath　increased；　though　not　in　the　like；　yet　in　a　considerable　Proportion；　etc。

2。　I　take　this　from　Dr　Nichols。

3。　This　is　a　certain　Rule　to　know　when　the　Ballance　of　Trade　is　for　or　against　us　with　any　Nation。

4。　Timber　hath　been　pretty　reasonable　these　2　or　3　Years　past；　which　I　suppose　to　be　entirely　owing　to　an　extraordinary　Destruction　of　it；　the　Gentlemen　cutting　it　down　in　greater　Quantities　than　usual；　because　the　Farmers　in　general　have　not　been　able　to　pay　their　Rents　as　formerly。

5。　By　the　Bills　of　Mortality　of　the　Year　1730；　which　by　the　preceding　and　succeeding　Years　appears　to　be　a　moderate　Year；　there　died　in　London　and　Westminister　and　the　Suburbs　thereof；　under　2　Years　old：　10368　persons；　the　medium　which　age　is　1　year　makes　amongst　them　10368　years。　between　2　and　5：　2448；　3　1/2；　8568　　　　　　　　　5　and　10：　1092；　7　1/2；　8190　　　　　10　and　20：　901；　15；　12515　　　　　20　and　30；　2048；　25；　51100　　　　　30　and　40；　2471；　35；　86485　　　　　40　and　50；　2373；　45；　106785　　　　　50　and　60；　1713；　55；　94215　　　　　60　and　70；　1577；　65；　102505　　　　　70　and　80；　1601；　75；　75075　　　　　80　and　90；　622；　85；　52870　　　　　90　and　100；　138；　95；　13110　　　　　　　　　　　　　　；　2；　101；　202　　　　　　　　　　　　　；　1；　102；　102　　　　　　　　　　　　　；　2；　103；　206　　　　　　　　　　　　　；　3；　104；　312　　　　　　　　　　　　　；　1；　105；　105

13908　Under　10　Years

By　the　Number　of　Deaths　26761；　divide　the　Years　they　lived　623713；　and　23　Years　and　about　1/3；　according　to　the　Bill　of　Mortality；　appears　to　be　the　Par　Term　of　human　Life；　multiply　the　Deaths　by　this　Term；　shews　the　Number　of　People　living　in　the　Bills　of　Mortality　to　be　about　624；423　Persons；　and　if　we　suppose　the　Houses　one　with　another　to　contain　10　Souls；　then　the　Number　of　Houses　inhabited　will　be　62；442。　Now　the　London　Evening　Post　of　January　2；　1732…3；　says　upwards　of　8000　Houses；　according　to　Account　lately　taken　are　empty　in　London；　Westminister；　and　Places　with　the　Bills　of　Mortality；　most　of　which；　let　at　an　Average　at　about　20　l。　per　Annum；　at　which　Rate　there　is　upwards　of　160；000　l。　Rent　yearly　lost　in　the　Bills　of　Mortality；　more　than　a　ninth　Part　of　the　whole　Building　being　empty。　By　this　Bill　of　Mortality　it　also　appears；　that　more　than　half　the　human　Race　die　under　10　Years　of　Age；　and　if　we　consider　the　Number　of　young　Persons；　under　and　over　this　age；　who　live　to　supply　the　Places　of　those　that　die；　in　all　the　Stages　of　LIfe　above　this　Term；　there　can　be　no　doubt　that　Children　make　about　half　the　Business　of　the　World　as　I　have　asserted。　And　tho'　it　appears　by　this　Bill　of　Mortality　that　the　Term　of　Life；　on　the　Par；　is　about　49　Years；　excluding　all　those　that　die　at　20　Years　and　under；　yet　I　can't　imagine　the　Term　Men　have　to　raise　and　provide　for　Families　in　the　Marriage　State　doth　much　exceed　20　years；　since　it's　pretty　certain　Marriages　in　general　commence　a　few　Years　at　least　later　than　the　Age　of　20　years；　and　are　undoubtedly　generally　dissolved　by　the　Death　of　one　of　the　Parties　before　they　both　reach　the　Term　of　49　Years。

6。　I　am　not　unsensible　that　Mr　Derham　in　his　Pysico…Theology　shews　that　the　Deaths　in　London　as　in　most　great　Cities　are　greater　than　the　Births；　whence　an　Objection　may　seem　to　arise　to　the　Increase　abovementioned；　which　I　think　is　of　no　Weight；　because　if　a　Nation　will　absolutely　doub