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ll　support；　the　People　therefore　must　be　wretched；　and　that　Government　weak；　til　so　many　of　the　Poor　People；　as　distress　each　other　by　their　Numbers；　are　remov'd　where　they　can　have　Land　to　support　them。　The　Case　is　the　same　exactly　in　every　Nation；　where　the　Land　which　is　cultivated　doth　not　afford　enough　to　make　all　Things　very　plentiful；　for　this　alone　can　make　the　People　happy。　　　　　XII。　The　Quantity　of　Land；　to　be　further　put　to　Cultivation　and　Tillage；　must　be　so　great；　as　to　increase　the　Plenty　of　every　Thing　to　such　a　Degree；　that　the　Price　of　every　Thing　may　by　that　Plenty　be　so　greatly　lower'd　that　the　Rates　of　Labour　may　also　thereby　be　lower'd；　till　Money　thence　come　to　be　plentiful　amongst　the　People　in　general。　'Till　this　End　be　answer'd；　nothing　material　is　effected；　nor　can　Trade　be　enlarged　abroad；　or　relieved　at　home：　For　the　Cultivation　of　Land　is　the　sole　natural　Encouragement　Trade　can　possibly　receive；　because　all　Things　must　first　come　out　of　the　Ground；　and；　according　as　the　Produce　of　the　Earth　is　more　or　less　plentiful；　so　will　the　Consumption　of　all　Things　be　greater　or　less；　that　is；　so　much　more　or　less　Trade　will　there　be　amongst　the　People。　On　this　the　Revenue　of　the　Nation　doth　so　much　depend；　that　the　whole　Amount　of　it　will　be　greater　or　less；　as　this　is；　or　is　not　duly　encouraged；　besides　that　the　same　Sums　will　effect　more　or　less　accordingly。　　　　　XIII。　The　Cash　of　any　Nation　will　always　decrease；　and　become　scarce；　in　Proportion　as　the　Rents　are　raised；　above　what　the　Plenty　of　Money　circulating　in　Trade　amongst　the　People；　will　well　enable　them　to　pay；　and　where　there　is　not　Land　enough　cultivated　to　keep　down　the　Rents；　and　thereby　to　remedy　this　Mischief；　and　support　the　People；　it　may　go　to　such　an　Extream；　as　to　leave　very　little　Money　in　the　Nation。　For　where　Rents　are　raised；　every　Thing　else　must　and　will　rise　too：　Whence　other　Nations　will　be　able　to　supply　our　Market；　and　as　most　of　our　Commodities　will　hence　become　too　dear　to　be　taken　by　them　in　return；　so　we　shall　vent　much　less　of　our　Goods　at　other　foreign　Markets；　and　so　the　Balance　of　Trade　will　turn　against　us；　and　draw　off　our　Money　as　long　as　we　have　any。　　　　　XIV。　Rents　have　been　advanc'd；　from　this　single　Principle；　which　alone　can　possibly　raise　the　Price　of　any　Thing；　viz。　a　Demand　for　Farms；　etc。　in　greater　Proportion　then　they　were　well　to　be　had。　And　as　this　hath　in　a　great　Measure　hindered　the　People　from　going　on；　as　such　Demand　for　Farms　shews　they　naturally　would；　in　cultivating　more　Land　as　they　increased　in　Numbers；　so　that　Surplus　or　Increase　of　the　People　have　been　obliged　to　imploy　themselves　in　Trades；　Manufactures；　and　Professions；　till　they　have　so　much　overstock'd　and　embarass'd　all　these；　that　their　Trades；　etc。　will　not　answer　to　support　them；　whilst　at　the　same　time　the　Necessaries　of　Life；　and　Rents　have　been　greatly　advanc'd；　to　what　they　were　formerly。　This　therefore　must　be　remedied；　or　Multitude　must　be　ruin'd：　Nor　can　the　Gentlemen　escape；　for　if　Money　become　so　scarce；　（as　it　certainly　in　a　great　Measure　is　at　present　amongst　the　People；）　that　the　Fruits　of　the　Earth　will　hardly　bring　Money　enough　to　support　the　Farmers；　and　pay　all　Charges　exclusive　of　Rent；　as　many　Gentlemen　already　find；　who；　on　that　Account；　are　obliged　to　take　their　Farms　into　their　own　Management：　The　Gentlemen；　I　say；　can　fare　no　better　than　to　become　skilful；　industrious　Farmers　themselves；　and　get　their　Living　by　that　Means；　till　Money；　as　it　hath　heretofore　been；　becomes　plentiful　enough　to　pay　all　Charges；　with　a　Surplus　to　pay　Rent；　which　will　be　done　whenever　the　Rents　are　lowered　enough　to　make　Money　flush；　or　plentiful　amongst　the　Trading　Part　of　the　People；　but　not　sooner。　　　　　XV。　If　all　the　Gentlemen　in　the　Nation　would　lower　their　Rents；　at　the　Request　of　the　People；　this　could　not　answer　the　End；　because　the　Demand　for　the　Fruits　of　the　Earth；　which　the　Land　at　present　cultivated　can　produce；　is；　and　will　continue　to　be　so　great；　if　the　People　be　not　diminished；　as　necessarily　to　keep　the　Price　higher　than　the　Money　circulating　amongst　them　will　well　enable　them　to　pay　for　them；　and　because；　until　many　more　of　the　People　are　employ'd　in　Cultivation；　etc。　to　lessen　the　Number　of　Poor；　and　make　greater　Plenty；　all　kinds　of　Trade；　Manufactures；　and　Professions　must　needs　continue　so　overstocked　with　Numbers　of　People　imploy'd　in　them；　as　absolutely　to　spoil　them　all；　as　to　the　Profits；　which　is　the　sole　End　of　Trade。　Therefore　the　natural　Way　to　lower　the　Rents；　can　only　be；　by　putting　such　very　great　Tracts　of　waste　Land　into　Cultivation；　as　may　make　Farms　abound；　which　will　lower；　and　make　the　Rents　easy；　and　will　employ　the　People；　not　in　Cultivation　only；　but　in　every　Kind　of　Manufacture；　Trade　and　Calling。　For　all　this　will　be　the　necessary　Consequence　of　cultivating　such　large　Tracts　of　waste　Land；　as　must　be　cultivated　to　make　Farms　abound；　and　Rents　easy。　　　　　But　I　am　sensible；　this　Proposal　must　meet　with　almost　an　insuperable　Objection；　from　all　Gentlemen　whose　Estates　consist　of　Land；　since　if　the　Plenty　of　every　thing　must　be　increased　so　much；　that　the　Produce　of　the　Earth　may　become　a　great　deal　cheaper；　the　Rents　must　be　lowered　a　great　deal　too；　I　am　so　apprehensive　of　the　Power　of　his　Prejudice；　that　I　fear　it　will　be　very　hard　to　remove　it。　but　I　shall　endeavour　to　do　it；　by　shewing　that　it　is　no　real　Loss　to　Gentlemen　this　Way　to　lower　their　Estates。　　　　　What　I　have　said　is　a　strong　Argument　to　the　Purpose；　that　the　Scarcity　of　Money　among　the　People；　that　the　Scarcity　of　Money　among　the　People　will　unavoidably　disable　the　Farmers　to　pay　their　Rents。　To　this　Cause；　which　doth　naturally　lessen　the　Consumption　of　all　Things；　in　such　Proportion　as　the　Cash　grows　scarcer；　and　thereby　keeps　the　Fruits　of　the　Earth　from　rising　to　a　Price；　that　might　enable　the　Farmers　to　pay　their　Rents；　it　must　be　ascribed；　that　Corn；　etc。　hath　hardly　of　late　fetched　Money　enough　to　pay　all　Charges；　exclusive　of　Rent；　and　not　to　the　Plenty　of　Corn　considered　in　itself。　For　cheap　as　Corn　is；　the　Number　of　Poor；　as　most　Parishes　find；　is　greatly　encreased　of　late　Years；　witness　the　Numbers　we　are　continually　transporting；　and　the　late　Invention　of　erecting　Workhouses　for　the　Poor；　and　Complaints　of　Tradesmen　all　over　the　Kingdom；　which　have　been；　and　are　very　great；　and　very　just。　Now　suppose　Corn；　etc。　were　considerably　advanced；　to　enable　the　Farmers　to　pay　their　Rents；　what　must　become　of　the　trading　Part　of　the　Nation；　who　already　with　justice；　complain　they　can　hardly　get　Money　to　support　themselves；　at　the　present　Rates　of　Things？　And　how　much　more　would　the　Poor　and　their　Calamities　increase；　by　such　a　Rise　of　Necessaries；　together　with　the　still　greater　Decay　of　Trade　it　must　occasion；　since　if　the　Prices　of　Things　were　to　be　advance；　the　People　in　general　for　want　of　Money　must；　if　possible；　be　still　less　Consumers；　and　consequently　make　just　so　much　less　Business　amongst　them；　who　have　already　much　too　little？　Besides；　it　is　always　found　that　as　Trade　lessens　（or　is　divided　amongst　more　Particulars；　which　is　much　the　same　Thing　in　Effect）　the　Profits　of　Trade　lessen　in　still　greater　Proportion　to　the　Business