money answers all things-第2部分

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　of　Cash；　and　as　many　People　in　England；　it's　evident　they　have　twice　as　much　Money　amongst　them；　in　Proportion　to　their　Number；　as　they　wou'd　have　if　their　Number　were　doubled；　and　the　Quantity　of　Cash　remain'd　just　the　same。　And　therefore；　I　think；　they　could　give　but　half　the　Price　for　Things　in　general　in　this　Case；　that　they　could　do　when　they　were　but　half　the　Number；　with　the　same　Quantity　of　Money　circulating　and　divided　amongst　them。　Wherefore；　if　the　People　increase；　and　the　Cash　doth　not　increase　in　like　Proportion；　the　Prices　of　Things　must　fall；　for　all　the　People　must　have　Necessaries；　to　procure　which　they　must　all　have　Money：　This　will　divide　the　same　Quantity　of　Cash　into　more　Parts；　that　is；　lessen　the　Parts；　and　then　it's　evident　they　can't　pay　so　much　for　their　Necessaries；　as　when　the　same　Cash　divided　into　fewer　Parts；　makes　the　Parts　greater。　　　　　The　Prices　of　all　Things　in　this　Kingdom；　some　Centuries　ago；　were　vastly　lower　than　they　are　now。　In　the　Reign　of　King　Henry　the　Eighth；　it　was　enacted；　that　Butchers　should　sell　their　Meat　by　Weight；　Beef　at　an　Half…penny；　and　Mutton　at　Three…farthings　per　Pound：　And　if　we　look　back　to　the　Reign　of　King　Edward　the　Third；　we　find　Wheat　was　sold　at　two　Shillings　per　Quarter；　a　fat　Ox　for　a　Noble；　a　fat　sheep　for　Six…pence；　six　Pidgeons　for　a　Penny；　a　fat　Goose　for　Two…pence；　a　Pig　for　a　Penny；　and　other　Things　in　Proportion。　See　Baker's　Chronicle。　　　　　Now；　since　the　great　Difference　of　the　Prices　of　these　Things　now；　to　what　they　then　sold　for；　is　undoubtedly　owing　solely　to　the　great　Quantity　of　Gold　and　Silver；　which　since　that　Time　hath　been　brought　into　this　Kingdom　by　Trade；　which　hath　furnished　us　with　so　much　more　Money；　to　pay　such　a　vast　deal　more　as　we　now　must；　and　do　give　for　them；　it　follows；　that　the　Prices　of　Things　will　certainly　rise　in　every　Nation；　as　the　Gold　and　Silver　increase　amongst　the　People；　and；　consequently；　that　where　the　Gold　and　Silver　decrease　in　any　Nation；　the　Prices　of　all　Things　must　fall　proportionably　to　such　Decrease　of　Money；　or　the　People　must　be　distress'd；　unless　the　Number　of　People　decrease　in　as　great　Proportion　as　the　Cash　decreaseth　in　any　such　Nation。　　　　　V。　Banking；　so　far　as　one　is　paid　with　the　Money　of　another；　that　is；　where　more　Cash　Notes　are　circulated；　than　all　the　Cash　the　Bankers　are　really　possessed　of　will　immediately　answer　and　make　good；　I　say；　so　long　as　this　Credit　is　maintain'd；　it　hath　the　same　Effect；　as　if　there　was　so　much　more　Cash　really　circulating　and　divided　amongst　the　People；　and　will　be　attended　with　these　Consequences；　that　as　the　Price　of　Things　will　hence　be　rais'd；　it　must　and　will　make　us　the　Market；　to　receive　the　Commodities　of　every　Country　whose　Prices　of　Things　are　cheaper　than　ours。　And　though　we　should　lay　on　Duties；　or　prohibit　such　Goods；　this　will　not　prevent　the　Mischief；　because　we　shall　not　be　able　to　carry　our　Commodities　thus　raised　to　any　Nation；　where　Things　are　cheaper　than　ours；　and　because　such　Nations　will　hence　be　enabled　to　set　up　many　of　our　Manufactures；　etc。　and　by　their　Cheapness　so　interfere　in　our　Trade　at　all　other　foreign　Markets；　as　to　turn　the　Balance　of　Trade　against　us；　which　will　diminish　the　Cash　of　the　Nation。　The　same　Thing　must　be　understood　of　all　publick　Securities　whatever；　that　operate　as　Money　amongst　us。　　　　　VI。　The　Plenty　or　Scarcity　of　any　Particular　Thing；　is　the　sole　Cause　when　any　Commodity　or　Thing　can　become　higher　or　lower　in　Price；　or；　in　other　Words；　as　the　Demand　is　greater　or　less　in　Proportion　to　the　Quantity　of　any　Thing；　so　will　such　Thing；　whatsoever　it　is；　be　cheaper　or　dearer。　Nor　can　any　Arts　or　Laws　make　this　otherwise；　any　more　than　Laws　or　Arts　can　alter　the　Nature　of　Things。　　　　　VII。　All　Things；　that　are　in　the　World；　are　the　Produce　of　the　Ground　originally；　and　thence　must　all　Things　be　raised。　The　more　Land　therefore　shall　be　improv'd　and　cultivated；　etc。　the　greater　will　the　Plenty　of　all　things　be；　and　the　more　People　will　it　also　imploy。　And　as　the　Produce　will　hence　be　increased；　so　will　the　Consumption　of　all　Things　increase　too；　and　the　greater　the　Plenty　becomes　this　Way；　the　cheaper　will　every　Thing　be。　　　　　And　thus　will　Money　become　plentiful；　because　less　Money　will　purchase　every　Thing；　in　just　the　same　Proportion　as　the　Plenty　of　every　thing　shall　reduce　the　Prices；　by　the　Increase　of　every　Thing　in　Respect　of　the　Demand。　And　if　this　Method　be　sufficiently　persued；　the　Plenty　may　be　increased　so　much　as　to　make　Victuals　and　Drink　half　the　Price　that　they　are　at　now；　which　will　make　the　Price　of　the　Labour　of　Working　People　much　lower；　for　the　Rates　of　Labour　are　always　settled　and　constituted　of　the　Price　of　Victuals　and　Drink：　And　all　Manufactures　will　be　vastly　cheaper；　for　the　Value　of　all　Manufactures　is　chiefly　constituted　of　the　Price　or　Charge　of　the　Labour　bestowed　thereon。　This　therefore　shew　how　to　make　Money　plentiful；　viz。　　　　　First；　By　thus　making　the　Necessaries　of　Life　cheaper；　to　such　a　Degree　as　shall　be　found　effectual　to　reduce　the　present　Rates　of　Labour；　and　thereby　the　Price　of　every　Thing　else；　so　much；　that　the　Money；　now　circulating　amongst　the　People；　may　extend　a　vast　deal　further　than　it　now　will　do。　　　　　Secondly；　We　shall　hence　be　enabled　to　make；　and　export　our　Manufactures　at　much　lower　Prices；　and　this　must　needs　cause　us　to　export　abundance　more　of　them　to　those　Nations　that　now　take　them　of　us；　besides　that　it　will　enable　us　to　carry　our　Produce；　etc。　further　and　cheaper；　to　induce　other　Nations　to　take　them　of　us；　who　now　perhaps　do　not　take　any　of　our　Goods；　whence　the　Cash　of　the　Nation　will　certainly　increase；　by　raising　the　Value　of　our　Exports　above　the　Value　of　our　Imports；　that　is；　the　Balance　of　Trade　will　thus　be　in　our　Favour；　or　Money　will　thus　be　made　plentiful。　　　　　VIII。　Plenty　of　Money　never　fails　to　make　Trade　flourish；　because；　where　Money　is　plentiful；　the　People　in　general　are　thereby　enabled；　and　will　not　fail　to　be　as　much　greater　Consumers　of　every　Thing；　as　such　Plenty　of　Money　can　make　them：　Therefore　Trade　is　always　found　to　flourish　（i。e。　increase）　as　Money　grows　more　plentiful　amongst　the　People。　The　Year　1720；　was　a　Proof　in　Fact　of　this　Maxim。　And　hence　the　Revenue　must　needs　increase　likewise；　since　the　Duties　are　always　levied　on　the　Things　which　the　People　consume　and　use。　　　　　IX。　Where　Trade　flourishes　（i。e。　where　the　Ballance　of　Trade　is　considerably　in　Favour　of　any　Nation）　there　the　People　always　increase　greatly；　and　become　generally　happy；　when　such　Nations　ever　grow　potent　and　formidable。　This　hath　always　been　found　true　in　Fact；　and　is　almost　self…evident。　　　　　X。　'Tis　the　Strength；　Honour；　and　Interest　of　every　Government；　that　their　Subjects　be　as　numerous；　as　the　Continent；　that　their　Subjects　be　as　numerous；　as　the　Continent　they　govern　will　support　in　an　happy　Condition；　and　as　the　Happiness　（i。e。　the　Riches）　and　Numbers　of　the　Subjects；　are　greater　or　less；　so　will　the　Strength；　Honour；　and　Revenue　of　every　Government　be　greater　or　less。　　　　　XI。　A　Kingdome　or　State　may　have　more　People　in　it；　than　the　Land　it　contains　can　well　support；　the　People　therefore　must　be　wretched；　and　that　Government　weak；　til　so　many　of　the　Poor