money answers all things-第16部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完，想下次继续接着阅读，可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能！


　how　much　more　numerous　the　Male　Sex　are　than　the　Female；　who　might　otherwise　be　in　any　Danger　of　a　dishonourable　Surrender；　to　be　more　on　their　guard；　and　let　no　Arts；　no　Pretences　ever　prevail；　but　lawful　Marriage；　which　is；　and　always　will　be　honourable　in　all。　　　　　And　hence　we　may　see；　how　great　an　Injury　Prostitutes　are　to　Society；　since　'tis　they　only　are　the　Occasion；　that　so　many　Women　do　and　must　live　single；　and　consequently　put　a　great　Impediment　on　the　Increase　of　the　human　Race；　and　cut　off　a　great　deal　of　Employment　from　amongst　the　People；　which　depends　very　much　on　the　Increase　of　Mankind；　and　thus　they　also　contribute　very　much　to　make　many　Women　enter　on　Trades；　and　work　at　Businesses；　that　should　be　Employment　for　Men；　and　afford　better　Wages　for　the　Support　of　Families；　than　any　Trades　ever　will　do；　where　the　Women　are　considerable　Workers　at　such　Trades；　and　as　this　often　lays　the　married　Women；　whose　Business　is　to　bear　Children　and　guide　the　House；　which　is　generally　Work　enough　for　them；　under　a　Necessity　to　work　at　some　Trade　or　Calling　to　earn　something　to　help　to　support　their　Families；　their　Husbands　Wages　being　hence　insufficient　to　do　it；　so　their　Children　must；　and　hence　often　are　so　neglected；　that　many　of　them　are　lost；　and　such　of　them　as　will　live　almost　in　spight　of　such　unavoidable　Neglects；　are　commonly　Cripples。　　　　　Seventhly。　Though　what　I　have　been　endeavouring　to　shew　through　this　whole　Essay；　viz。　that　if　the　Plenty　be　made　great　enough；　the　Consequence　must　be　both　more　Employment　and　Trade　too　amongst　the　People；　and　likewise　that　the　necessaries　of　Life；　which　almost　all　are　ultimately　striving　for；　will　be　much　easier　attained；　and　the　People　in　general　thence　be　in　better　Circumstances；　and　a　much　happier　Condition；　I　say；　though　these　Things　suggest　themselves　with　the　Clearness　and　Evidence　of　first　Principles；　yet　I　shall　use　one　Argument　more；　which　will　evince；　that　a　vast　deal　more　Business　of　every　Kind；　will　be　the　Effect　of　fully　and　sufficiently　executing　this　Proposal　in　all　its　Parts；　and　that；　from　the　Consideration　of　the　general　Condition　and　Circumstances　of　the　People；　7/8　of　whom；　in　much　better　Times　of　Trade　and　Business；　are；　by　the　Spectator；　No。　200；　asserted　to　be　without　any　Property　at　all　in　themselves；　or　the　Heads　of　their　Families；　and　must　Work　for　their　daily　Bread。　　　　　Now　7/8　of　so　large　a　Body；　as　the　People　of　this　Kingdom；　must　needs　have　a　vast　influence　on　the　Trade　of　it；　if　we　consider　them；　as　being　little　more　than　half　the　Consumers　they　might　and　ought　to　be；　which　I　shall　shew；　by　the　Following　Estimate　for　a　labouring　Man　and　his　Family；　and　though　this　Estimate　is　made　for　a　labouring　Man's　Family　in　London；　yet　since　the　Wages　of　the　labouring　People　in　the　Country　are　as　much　less　than　Wages　in　London；　as　the　Country　People　can　subsist　cheaper；　it　will　still　hold　that　the　labouring　People　in　general　are　but　half　the　Consumers　they　ought　to　be；　as　the　following　Estimate　will　sufficiently　prove。

A　Estimate　of　the　necessary　Charge　of　a　labouring　Man　and　his　Family　in　London；　consisting　of　a　Man　and　his　Wife　and　four　Children；　which　I　take　to　be　a　middling　Family；　however；　since　they　often　may　have　more　Children；　this　must　at　least　be　a　needful　Allowance　for　a　labouring　Man　and　his　Family。

Daily　Expence　per　Head；　Daily　Expence　for　the　whole　Family；　Weekly　Expence　for　the　whole　Family

Bread　for　six　Persons；　3　q。；　4　1/2　d。；　2　s。　7　1/2　d。　Butter；　1　q。；　1　1/2　d。；　10　1/2　d。　Cheese；　1/2　q。；　3/4　d。；　5　1/2　d。　Meat；　1　d。；　6　d。；　3　s。　6　d。　Small　Beer；　2　q。；　3　d。；　1　s。　9　d。　Roots；　Herbs；　Flower；　Oatmeal；　Salt；　Vinegar；　Pepper；　Mustard；　Sugar；　1　q。；　1　1/2　d。　；　10　1/2　d。　Soap；　1/2　q。；　3/4　d。；　5　1/4　d。　Threads；　Needles；　Pins；　Worsteads；　Tapes；　etc。　for　repairing　Cloaths；　etc。　1/2　q。；　3/4　d。；　5　1/4　d。　Milk　one　day　with　another；　for　the　whole　Family；　；　3/4　d。；　5　1/4　d。　A　Candle　one　day　with　another；　；　3/4　d；　5　1/4　d。　Coals　one　Day　with　another；　　；　2　d。；　1　s。　2　d。　Strong　Beer；　　；　1　1/2　d。；　10　1/2　d。

Total；　　；　1　s。　11　3/4　d。；　13　s。　10　1/4　d。

Weekly　Expence　of　the　whole　Family；　Yearly　Expence。

Brought　over；　13　s。　10　1/2　d。；　

Repairs　of　Household…Goods；　as　Bedding；　Sheets；　Table…linnen；　Mops；　Brooms；　Brushes；　Pots；　Pans；　etc。　guess'd　to　make　the　Pence　even；　at　4　3/4　d；　　Schooling　for　the　Children；　9　d。；　　Rent　of　two　Rooms；　which　is　as　little　as　such　a　Family　can　or　ought　to　shift　with；　1　s。　6　d。；　　A　Woman's　Victuals　and　Wages　in　Lyings…in；　and　Illness；　with　extraordinary　Charges　on　such　Occasions；　guess'd　at；　　；　2　l。　Cloaths；　Linen；　Woollen；　Shoes；　Stockings；　etc。　for　the　Man；　guess'd　at；　　；　2　l。　10　s。　Ditto；　for　the　Woman；　　；　2　l。　10　s。　Ditto；　for　the　four　Children　at　1　l。　per　Annum　per　Head；　　；　4　l。　Physick　for　the　whole　Family　one　Year　with　another；　　；　10　s。

The　necessary　Yearly　Charge　of　such　a　Family；　　；　54　l。　10　s。　4　d。

　　　　If　any　thing　the　Article　of　Cloaths　too　much；　let　them　consider　to　what　Purpose　the　Manufactures　are　made；　if　7/8　of　the　People　can't　be　allowed　to　be　such　inconsiderable　Consumers。　　　　　And　if　any　think　the　other　Part　of　the　Estimate　too　large；　let　them　shew　how　such　a　family　can　with　any　Decency　have　their　Wants　supplied　with　these　Things；　cheaper　than　I　have　put　them。　　　　　But　if　any　please　to　strike　any　of　these　Things　our　of　the　Estimate；　I　would　advise；　that　those　Things　should　not　be　raised　in　the　World　at　all；　since　7/8　of　Mankind　can't　be　allowed　to　partake　of　them。　　　　　For　high　as　this　Estimate　runs；　it　is　not　half　so　much　as　such　a　Family　will　cost　in　the　very　next　Station　of　Life　above　the　labouring　Mechanick's　Rank；　whilst　at　the　same　time　it's　certain；　as　the　Prices　of　Necessaries　now　are；　the　labouring　Mechanick　can　hardly　earn　enough　to　purchase　half　these　Things。　　　　　For　whatever　Wages　a　working　Man　may　sometimes　earn；　10　or　12　Shillings　per　Week；　when　all　Deductions　are　made　of　lost　Time　for　want　of　Work　and　Illness；　is　the　utmost　one　Man　with　another　can　get　for　himself　and　Family；　which　being　but　26　or　30　l。　per　annum；　is　but　about　half　what　is　necessary　for　the　Support　of　such　a　Family；　in　the　meanest　Manner　it　can　be　decently　done。　　　　　This　therefore　shews　the　Usefulness　and　Necessity　of　making　the　Plenty　so　much　greater；　that　every　thing　may　be　thereby　made　much　cheaper；　and　there　may　be　more　Work　to　employ　the　Poor；　and　their　Wants　may　be　better　supplied；　which　will　necessarily　make　so　much　more　Trade　and　Business　amongst　others。　　　　　This　Estimate　also　shews；　that　a　Principle　I　have　gone　upon；　and　hitherto　taken　for　granted；　is　true；　in　the　Nature　of　the　Thing　itself；　viz。　that　the　Wants　of　Mankind；　if　fully　supplied　according　to　their　several　Ranks　in　Life　only；　are　sufficient　to　give　full　Employment　to　all　that　must　get　their　Living　by　their　Diligence　and　Labour。　　　　　For　if　7/8　of　the　People；　were；　as　they　might　and　ought　to　be；　double　the　Consumers　they　are；　which；　I　think；　appears　by　this　Estimate；　it　would　rather　be　a　Question；　whether　Mankind　are　able　to　supply　all　their　Wants；　than　whether　the　Wants　of　Mankind　are　sufficient　to　give　full　employment　to　thost　that　want　it。　　　　　And　this　is　an　invincible　Argument　for　a　free　and　unrestrained　Trade；　since　if　any　Nation　makes　Goods　for