a study of bible-第8部分

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made；　selected　a　revision　committee；　with　instructions　to　follow　wherever　possible　the　Great　Bible；　to　avoid　bitter　notes；　and　to　make　such　a　version　that　it　might　be　freely；　easily；　and　naturally　read。　The　result　is　known　as　the　Bishops'　Bible。　It　was　issued　in　Elizabeth's　tenth　year　（1568）；　but　there　is　no　record　that　she　ever　noticed　it；　though　Parker　sent　her　a　copy　from　his　sick…bed。　The　Bishops'　Bible　shows　the　influence　of　the　Genevan　Bible　in　many　ways；　though　it　gives　no　credit　for　that。　It　is　not　of　equal　merit；　it　was　expensive；　too　cumbersome；　and　often　unscholarly。　Only　its　official　standing　gave　it　life；　and　after　forty　years；　in　nineteen　editions；　it　was　no　longer　published。

Naming　one　other　English　version　will　complete　the　series　of　facts　necessary　for　the　consideration　of　the　forming　of　the　King　James　version。　It　will　be　remembered　that　all　the　English　versions　of　the　Bible　thus　far　mentioned　were　the　work　of　men　either　already　out　of　favor　with　the　Roman　pontiff；　or　speedily　put　out　of　favor　on　that　account。　Thirty　years　after　his　death；　Wiclif's　bones　were　taken　up　and　burned；　Tindale　was　burned。　Coverdale's　version　and　the　Great　Bible　were　the　product　of　the　period　when　Henry　VIII。　was　under　the　ban。　The　Genevan　Bible　was　the　work　of　refugees；　and　the　Bishops'　Bible　was　prepared　when　Elizabeth　had　been　excommunicated。　That　fact　seemed　to　many　loyal　Roman　churchmen　to　put　the　Church　in　a　false　light。　It　must　be　made　clear　that　its　opposition　was　not　to　the　Bible；　not　even　to　popular　use　and　possession　of　the　Bible；　but　only　to　unauthorized；　even　incorrect；　versions。　So　there　came　about　the　Douai　version；　instigated　by　Gregory　Martin；　and　prepared　in　some　sense　as　an　answer　to　the　Genevan　version　and　its　strongly　anti…papal　notes。　It　was　the　work　of　English　scholars　connected　with　the　University　of　Douai。　The　New　Testament　was　issued　at　Rheims　in　1582；　and　the　whole　Bible　in　1609；　just　before　our　King　James　version。　It　is　made；　not　from　the　Hebrew　and　the　Greek；　though　it　refers　to　both；　but　from　the　Vulgate。　The　result　is　that　the　Old　Testament　of　the　Douai　version　is　a　translation　into　English　from　the　Latin；　which　in　large　part　is　a　translation　into　Latin　from　the　Greek　Septuagint；　which　in　turn　is　a　translation　into　Greek　from　the　Hebrew。　Yet　scholars　are　scholars；　and　it　shows　marked　influence　of　the　Genevan　version；　and；　indeed；　of　other　English　versions。　Its　notes　were　strongly　anti…Protestant；　and　in　its　preface　it　explains　its　existence　by　saying　that　Protestants　have　been　guilty　of　〃casting　the　holy　to　dogs　and　pearls　to　hogs。〃

The　version　is　not　in　the　direct　line　of　the　ascent　of　the　familiar　version；　and　needs　no　elaborate　description。　Its　purpose　was　controversial；　it　did　not　go　to　available　sources；　its　English　was　not　colloquial；　but　ecclesiastical。　For　example；　in　the　Lord's　Prayer　we　read：　〃Give　us　this　day　our　supersubstantial　bread；〃　instead　of　〃our　daily　bread。〃　In　Hebrews　xiii：　17；　the　version　reads；　〃Obey　your　prelates　and　be　subject　unto　them。〃　In　Luke　iii：3；　John　came　〃preaching　the　baptism　of　penance。〃　In　Psalm　xxiii：5；　where　we　read；　〃My　cup　runneth　over；〃　the　Douai　version　reads；　〃My　chalice　which　inebriateth　me；　how　goodly　it　is。〃　There　is　a　careful　retention　of　ecclesiastical　terms；　and　an　explanation　of　the　passages　on　which　Protestants　had　come　to　differ　rather　sharply　from　their　Roman　brethren；　as　in　the　matter　of　the　taking　of　the　cup　by　the　people；　and　elsewhere。

Yet　it　is　only　fair　to　remember　that　this　much　answer　was　made　to　the　versions　which　were　preparing　the　way　for　the　greatest　version　of　them　all；　and　when　the　time　came　for　the　making　of　that　version；　and　the　helps　were　gathered　together；　the　Douai　was　frankly　placed　among　them。　It　is　a　peculiar　irony　of　fate　that　while　the　purpose　of　Gregory　Martin　was　to　check　the　translation　of　the　Bible　by　the　Protestants；　the　only　effect　of　his　work　was　to　advance　and　improve　that　translation。

At　last；　as　we　shall　see　in　our　next　study；　the　way　was　cleared　for　a　free　and　open　setting　of　the　Bible　into　English。　The　way　had　been　beset　with　struggle；　marked　with　blood；　lighted　by　martyr　fires。　Wiclif　and　Purvey；　Tindale　and　Coverdale；　the　refugees　at　Geneva　and　the　Bishops　at　London；　all　had　trod　that　way。　Kings　had　fought　them　or　had　favored　them；　it　was　all　one；　they　had　gone　on。　Loyal　zest　for　their　Book　and　loving　zeal　for　the　common　people　had　held　them　to　the　path。　Now　it　had　become　a　highway　open　to　all　men。　And　right　worthy　were　the　feet　which　were　soon　treading　it。



LECTURE　II

THE　MAKING　OF　THE　KING　JAMES　VERSION；　ITS　CHARACTERISTICS

EARLY　in　January；　1604；　men　were　making　their　way　along　the　poor　English　highways；　by　coach　and　carrier；　to　the　Hampton　Court　Palace　of　the　new　English　king。　They　were　coming　from　the　cathedral　towns；　from　the　universities；　from　the　larger　cities。　Many　were　Church　dignitaries；　many　were　scholars；　some　were　Puritans；　all　were　loyal　Englishmen；　and　they　were　gathering　in　response　to　a　call　for　a　conference　with　the　king；　James　I。　They　were　divided　in　sentiment；　these　men；　and　those　who　hoped　most　from　the　conference　were　doomed　to　complete　disappointment。　Not　one　among　them；　not　the　King；　had　the　slightest　purpose　that　the　conference　should　do　what　proved　to　be　its　only　real　service。　Some　of　the　men；　grave　and　earnest；　were　coming　to　present　their　petitions　to　the　King；　others　were　coming　to　oppose　their　petitions；　the　King　meant　to　deny　them　and　to　harry　the　petitioners。　And　everything　came　out　as　it　had　been　planned。　Yet　the　largest　service　of　the　conference；　the　only　real　service；　was　in　no　one's　mind；　for　it　was　at　Hampton　Court；　on　the　last　day　of　the　conference　between　James　and　the　churchmen；　January　18；　1604；　that　the　first　formal　step　was　taken　toward　the　making　of　the　so…called　Authorized　Version　of　the　English　Bible。　If　there　are　such　things　as　accidents；　this　great　enterprise　began　in　an　accident。　But　the　outcome　of　the　accident；　the　volume　that　resulted；　is　〃allowed　by　all　competent　authorities　to　be　the　first；　＇that　is；　the　chief＇　English　classic；〃　if　our　Professor　Cook；　of　Yale；　may　speak；　〃is　universally　accepted　as　a　literary　masterpiece；　as　the　noblest　and　most　beautiful　Book　in　the　world；　which　has　exercised　an　incalculable　influence　upon　religion；　upon　manners；　upon　literature；　and　upon　character；〃　if　the　Balliol　College　scholar　Hoare　can　be　trusted；　and　has　〃made　the　English　language；〃　if　Professor　March　is　right。　The　purpose　of　this　study　is　to　show　how　that　accident　occurred；　and　what　immediately　came　from　it。


With　the　death　of　Elizabeth　the　Tudor　line　of　sovereigns　died　out。　The　collateral　Stuart　line；　descending　directly　from　Henry　VII。；　naturally　succeeded　to　the　throne；　and　James　VI。　of　Scotland　made　his　royal　progress　to　the　English　capital　and　became　James　I。　of　England。　In　him　appears　the　first　of　that　Stuart　line　during　whose　reign　great　changes　were　to　occur。　Every　one　in　the　line　held　strongly　to　the　dogma　of　the　divine　right　of　kings；　yet　under　that　line　the　English　people　transferred　sovereignty　from　the　king　to　Parliament。＇1＇　Fortunately　for　history；　and　for　the　progress　of　popular　government；　the　Stuart　line　had　no　forceful　figures