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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(格劳高斯)-第8部分
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these complicated forms could be 〃the operations of little; poor; helpless;
jelly…like animals; and not the work of more sure vegetation;〃 than Baker
the microscopist's detailed theory of their being produced by the
crystallization of the mineral salts in the sea…water; just as he had seen
〃the particles of mercury and copper in aquafortis assume tree…like forms;
or curious delineations of mosses and minute shrubs on slates and stones;
owing to the shooting of salts intermixed with mineral particles:〃 … one
smiles at it now: yet these men were no less sensible than we; and if
we know better; it is only because other men; and those few and far
between; have laboured amid disbelief; ridicule; and error; needing again
and again to retrace their steps; and to unlearn more than they learnt;
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Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore
seeming to go backwards when they were really progressing most: and
now we have entered into their labours; and find them; as I have just said;
more wondrous than all the poetic dreams of a Bonnet or a Darwin。
For who; after all; to take a few broad instances (not to enlarge on the
great root…wonder of a number of distinct individuals connected by a
common life; and forming a seeming plant invariable in each species);
would have dreamed of the 〃bizarreries〃 which these very zoophytes
present in their classification?
You go down to any shore after a gale of wind; and pick up a few
delicate little sea…ferns。 You have two in your hand; which probably
look to you; even under a good pocket magnifier; identical or nearly so。
(1) But you are told to your surprise; that however like the dead horny
polypidoms which you hold may be; the two species of animal which
have formed them are at least as far apart in the scale of creation as a
quadruped is from a fish。 You see in some Musselburgh dredger's boat
the phosphorescent sea…pen (unknown in England); a living feather; of
the look and consistency of a cock's comb; or the still stranger sea…rush
(VIRGULARIA MIRABILIS); a spine a foot long; with hundreds of
rosy flowerets arranged in half…rings round it from end to end; and you
are told that these are the congeners of the great stony Venus's fan which
hangs in seamen's cottages; brought home from the West Indies。 And
ere you have done wondering; you hear that all three are congeners of
the ugly; shapeless; white 〃dead man's hand;〃 which you may pick up
after a storm on any shore。 You have a beautiful madrepore or brain…
stone on your mantel…piece; brought home from some Pacific coral…reef。
You are to believe that its first cousins are the soft; slimy sea…anemones
which you see expanding their living flowers in every rock…pool … bags
of sea…water; without a trace of bone or stone。 You must believe it; for
in science; as in higher matters; he who will walk surely; must 〃walk by
faith and not by sight。〃
These are but a few of the wonders which the classification of
marine animals affords; and only drawn from one class of them; though
almost as common among every other family of that submarine world
whereof Spenser sang …
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Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore
〃Oh; what an endless work have I in hand; To count the sea's
abundant progeny! Whose fruitful seed far passeth those in land; And also
those which won in th' azure sky; For much more earth to tell the stars on
high; Albe they endless seem in estimation; Than to recount the sea's
posterity; So fertile be the flouds in generation; So huge their numbers;
and so numberless their nation。〃
But these few examples will be sufficient to account both for the
slow pace at which the knowledge of sea…animals has progressed; and
for the allurement which men of the highest attainments have found; and
still find; in it。 And when to this we add the marvels which meet us at
every step in the anatomy and the reproduction of these creatures; and in
the chemical and mechanical functions which they fulfil in the great
economy of our planet; we cannot wonder at finding that books which
treat of them carry with them a certain charm of romance; and feed the
play of fancy; and that love of the marvellous which is inherent in man;
at the same time that they lead the reader to more solemn and lofty trains
of thought; which can find their full satisfaction only in self…forgetful
worship; and that hymn of praise which goes up ever from land and sea;
as well as from saints and martyrs and the heavenly host; 〃O all ye
works of the Lord; and ye; too; spirits and souls of the righteous; praise
Him; and magnify Him for ever!〃
I have said; that there were excuses for the old contempt of the study
of Natural History。 I have said; too; it may be hoped; enough to show
that contempt to be now ill…founded。 But still; there are those who
regard it as a mere amusement; and that as a somewhat effeminate one;
and think that it can at best help to while away a leisure hour harmlessly;
and perhaps usefully; as a substitute for coarser sports; or for the reading
of novels。 Those; however; who have followed it out; especially on the
sea… shore; know better。 They can tell from experience; that over and
above its accessory charms of pure sea…breezes; and wild rambles by
cliff and loch; the study itself has had a weighty moral effect upon their
hearts and spirits。 There are those who can well understand how the
good and wise John Ellis; amid all his philanth
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