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glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(格劳高斯)-第15部分

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briar…     prickles;     which     his    thinner     cousins     keep     throughout       life。 

Nevertheless;   prickles;   in   all   three   species;   are;   as   far   as   we   can  see; 

useless     in  Torbay;     where    no   wolf…fish     (Anarrhichas      lupus)    or   other 

owner of shell…crushing jaws wanders; terrible to lobster and                      to cockle。 

Originally intended; as we suppose; to face the strong… toothed monsters of 

the Mediterranean; these foreigners have                wandered northward to shores 

where their armour is not now needed;                and yet centuries of idleness and 

security have not been able to            persuade them to lay it by。           This … if my 

explanation is the right          one … is but one more case among hundreds in 

which peculiarities;        useful doubtless to their original possessors; remain; 

though   now       useless;   in   their   descendants。      Just   so   does   the   tame   ram 

inherit     the now superfluous horns of his primeval wild ancestors; though 

he    fights   now   …   if   he   fights   at   all   …   not   with   his   horns;   but   with   his 

forehead。 

     Enough of Cardium tuberculatum。                 Now for the other animals of the 

heap; and first; for those long white razors。                They; as well as the         grey 

scimitars; are Solens; Razor…fish (Solen siliqua and S。                   ensis); burrowers 

in   the   sand    by   that  foot   which     protrudes     from   one     end;    nimble    in 

escaping   from   the   Torquay   boys;   whom   you   will   see          boring   for   them 

with a long iron screw; on the sands at low tide。                  They are very good to 

eat; these razor…fish; at least; for those          who so think them; and abound in 

millions upon all our sandy           shores。 (3) 

     Now for the tapering brown spires。                They are Turritellae; snail… like 

animals      (though     the  form    of   the  shell   is  different);   who     crawl    and 

browse by thousands on the beds of Zostera; or grass wrack;                       which you 

see   thrown   about   on   the   beach;   and   which   grows   naturally         in   two   or 

three   fathoms   water。      Stay:     here   is   one   which   is   〃more    than   itself。〃 

On its back is mounted a cluster of barnacles                 (Balanus Porcatus); of the 

same   family   as   those   which   stud   the     tide…rocks   in   millions;   scratching 

the legs of hapless bathers。           Of    them; I will speak presently; for I may 

have     a  still  more   curious     member       of  the   family   to   show    you。    But 



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meanwhile; look at the mouth             of the shell; a long grey worm protrudes 

from it; which is not the        rightful inhabitant。      He is dead long since; and 

his   place   has   been   occupied   by   one   Sipunculus   Bernhardi;   a   wight   of 

low    degree;    who     connects     〃radiate〃    with   annulate    forms    …  in  plain 

English;   sea…   cucumbers   (of   which   we   shall   see   some   soon)   with   sea… 

worms。      But     however low in the scale of comparative anatomy; he has 

wit enough       to take care of himself; mean ugly little worm as he seems。 

For    finding the mouth of the Turritella too big for him; he has               plastered 

it up with sand and mud (Heaven alone knows how); just as                     a wry…neck 

plasters up a hole in an apple…tree when she intends to               build therein; and 

has left only a round hole; out of which he can                poke his proboscis。        A 

curious thing is this proboscis; when seen              through the magnifier。         You 

perceive a ring of tentacles round the            mouth; for picking up I know not 

what; and you will perceive; too;           if you watch it; that when he draws it 

in;   he   turns   mouth;   tentacles   and   all;   inwards;   and   so   down   into   his 

stomach; just as       if you were to turn the finger of a glove inward from the 

tip till   it passed into the hand; and so performs; every time he eats; the 

clown's as yet ideal feat; of jumping down his own throat。 (4) 

     So much have we seen on one little shell。               But there is more to see 

close to it。     Those yellow plants which I likened to squirrels'               tails and 

lobsters' horns; and what not; are zoophytes of different               kinds。     Here is 

Sertularia   argentea   (true   squirrel's   tail);   here; S。   filicula;   as   delicate   as 

tangled     threads   of   glass;  here;   abietina;   here;   rosacea。    The     lobsters' 

horns are Antennaria         antennina; and mingled with them are Plumulariae; 

always to be       distinguished from Sertulariae by polypes growing on one 

side   of    the   branch;   and   not   on   both。  Here   is   falcata;   with   its   roots 

twisted round a sea…weed。          Here is cristata; on the same weed; and             here 

is a piece of the beautiful myriophyllum; which has been                   battered in its 

long journey out of the deep water about the ore              rock。    For all these you 

must   consult   Johnson's   〃Zoophytes;〃   and         for   a   dozen   smaller   species; 

which you would probably find tangled               among them; or parasitic on the 

sea…weed。      Here   are   Flustrae;   or    sea…mats。     This;   which   smells      very 

like Verbena; is Flustra        coriacea (Pl。 I。 Fig。 2)。      That scurf on the frond 

of ore…weed is       F。 lineata (Pl。 Fig。 1)。      The glass bells twined about this 



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                                Glaucus/or The Wonders of the Shore 



Sertularia   are   Campanularia   syringa   (Pl。   I。   Fig。   9);   and   here   is   a   tiny 

plant   of   Cellularia   ciliata   (Pl。   I。  Fig。  8)。 Look   at it   through  the   field… 

glass; for   it is   truly  wonderful。      Each polype        cell   is edged   with   whip… 

like spines; and on the back of some of                 them is … what is it; but a live 

vulture's head; snapping and           snapping … what for? 

     Nay;   reader;   I   am   here   to   show   you   what   can   be   seen:   but   as   for 

telling you what can be known; much more what cannot; I decline;                           and 

refer   you   to   Johnson's   〃Zoophytes;〃   wherein   you   will   find   that       several 

species of polypes carry these same birds' heads:                   but    whether they be 

parts of the polype; and of what use they are; no               man living knoweth。 

     Next; what are the striped pears?              They are sea…anemones; and of a 

species      only   lately    well   know
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