lycurgus-第12部分

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his　own　followers；　as　it　is　the　last　attainment　in　the　art　of　riding
to　make　a　horse　gentle　and　tractable；　so　is　it　of　the　science　of
government；　to　inspire　men　with　a　willingness　to　obey。　The
Lacedaemonians　inspired　men　not　with　a　mere　willingness；　but　with　an
absolute　desire　to　be　their　subjects。　For　they　did　not　send
petitions　to　them　for　ships　or　money；　or　a　supply　of　armed　men；　but
only　for　a　Spartan　commander；　and；　having　obtained　one；　used　him
with　honour　and　reverence；　so　the　Sicilians　behaved　to　Gylippus；　the
Chalcidians　to　Brasidas；　and　all　the　Greeks　in　Asia　to　Lysander；
Callicratidas；　and　Agesilaus；　they　styled　them　the　composers　and
chasteners　of　each　people　or　prince　they　were　sent　to；　and　had　their
eyes　always　fixed　upon　the　city　of　Sparta　itself；　as　the　perfect　model
of　good　manners　and　wise　government。　The　rest　seemed　as　scholars；　they
the　masters　of　Greece；　and　to　this　Stratonicus　pleasantly　alluded；
when　in　jest　he　pretended　to　make　a　law　that　the　Athenians　should
conduct　religious　processions　and　the　mysteries；　the　Eleans　should
preside　at　the　Olympic　games；　and；　if　either　did　amiss；　the
Lacedaemonians　be　beaten。　Antisthenes；　too；　one　of　the　scholars　of
Socrates；　said；　in　earnest；　of　the　Thebans；　when　they　were　elated　by
their　victory　at　Leuctra；　that　they　looked　like　school…boys　who　had
beaten　their　master。
　　However；　it　was　not　the　design　of　Lycurgus　that　his　city　should
govern　a　great　many　others；　he　thought　rather　that　the　happiness　of
a　state；　as　a　private　man；　consisted　chiefly　in　the　exercise　of
virtue；　and　in　the　concord　of　the　inhabitants；　his　aim；　therefore；
in　all　his　arrangements；　was　to　make　and　keep　them　free…minded；
self…dependent；　and　temperate。　And　therefore　all　those　who　have
written　well　on　politics；　as　Plato；　Diogenes　and　Zeno；　have　taken
Lycurgus　for　their　model；　leaving　behind　them；　however　mere　projects
and　words；　whereas　Lycurgus　was　the　author；　not　in　writing　but　in
reality；　of　a　government　which　none　else　could　so　much　as　copy；　and
while　men　in　general　have　treated　the　individual　philosophic　character
as　unattainable；　he；　by　the　example　of　a　complete　philosophic　state；
raised　himself　high　above　all　other　lawgivers　of　Greece。　And　so
Aristotle　says　they　did　him　less　honour　at　Lacedaemon　after　his
death　than　he　deserved；　although；　he　has　a　temple　there；　and　they
offer　sacrifices　yearly　to　him　as　to　a　god。
　　It　is　reported　that　when　his　bones　were　brought　home　to　Sparta　his
tomb　was　struck　with　lightning；　an　accident　which　befell　no　eminent
person　but　himself　and　Euripides；　who　was　buried　at　Arethusa　in
Macedonia；　and　it　may　serve　that　poet's　admirers　as　a　testimony　in　his
favour；　that　he　had　in　this　the　same　fate　with　that　holy　man　and
favourite　of　the　gods。　Some　say　Lycurgus　died　in　Cirrha。
Apollothemis　says；　after　he　had　come　to　Elis；　Timaeus　and　Aristoxenus；
that　he　ended　his　life　in　Crete；　Aristoxenus　adds　that　his　tomb　is
shown　by　the　Cretans　in　the　district　of　Pergamus；　near　the
strangers'　road。　He　left　an　only　son；　Antiorus；　on　whose　death　without
issue　his　family　became　extinct。　But　his　relations　and　friends　kept　up
an　annual　commemoration　of　him　down　to　a　long　time　after；　and　the　days
of　the　meeting　were　called　Lycurgides。　Aristocrates；　the　son　of
Hipparchus；　says　that　he　died　in　Crete；　and　that　his　Cretan　friends；
in　accordance　with　his　own　request；　when　they　had　burned　his　body；
scattered　the　Ashes　into　the　sea；　for　fear　lest；　if　his　relics
should　be　transported　to　Lacedaemon；　the　people　might　pretend　to　be
released　from　their　oaths；　and　make　innovations　in　the　government。
Thus　much　may　suffice　for　the　life　and　actions　of　Lycurgus。




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