the greatness of cities-第2部分

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nd　many　cities　have　much　increased　within　few　years；　both　in　people　and　in　trade；　through　the　resort　of　the　Low　Country　people　to　it：　and　especially　London；　whereunto　many　thousands　of　families　have　resorted　themselves。　　　　　About　the　year　of　Our　Lord　900；　while　the　Saracens　did　put　to　fire　and　sword　Genoa　and　its　territory　and　all　the　country　there　about；　Pisa　did　mightily　increase：　for　to　the　strength　of　the　place　the　country　yielded　also　plenty　of　all　good　things；　and　commodity　of　traffic。　　　　　At　the　coming　of　Attila　into　Italy　the　people　of　Lombardy；　being　wonderfully　afraid　through　the　horrible　waste　and　ruin　he　brought　with　him；　fled　to　save　themselves　into　the　islands　of　the　Adriatic　Sea；　and　there　built　many　towns　and　cities。　And　after　that；　in　the　wars　that　Pepin　raised　against　them；　forsaking　the　places　that　were　not　secure　and　safe　enough；　as　Equilio；　Eraclea；　Palestina　and　Malamocco；　they　drew　themselves　near　to　Rialto；　into　one　body；　and　so　by　that　means　grew　Venice　magnificent　and　great。

　4。　How　the　Romans　increased　the　city　of　Rome　by　wasting　their　neighbours'　towns

　　　　The　Romans；　to　make　their　own　country　in　any　sort　great　and　famous；　furnished　themselves　very　carefully　ever　with　strength　and　power。　For　to　make　their　neighbour　people　of　necessity　glad　and　willing　to　draw　themselves　to　Rome　and　there　to　dwell；　they　overthrew　their　towns　even　down　to　the　ground。　So　did　Tullus　Hostilius　cast　Alba　down　to　the　earth；　a　most　strong　city；　Tarquinius　Priscus　laid　also　plain　Cornicolo；　a　city　abounding　in　mighty　wealth。　Servius　Tullius　made　Pometia　desert；　and　in　the　time　of　liberty　they　utterly　destroyed　Veii；　a　city　of　such　strength　and　power　that　with　much　ado；　after　a　siege　of　ten　years；　it　was　by　cunning　more　than　strength　vanquished　and　overthrown。　　　　　Now　these　people；　and　such　other；　having　no　dwelling　place　to　draw　themselves　unto　nor　to　live　secure　and　safe；　they　were　enforced　to　change　their　countries　with　Rome；　which　by　this　means　waxed　great；　both　in　people　and　riches。

　5。　That　some　have　gotten　the　inhabitants　of　other　towns　into　their　own　towns

　　　　The　like　means　to　the　former；　but　somewhat　more　gentle；　the　Romans　used　to　populate　and　make　great　their　own　city；　and　that　was；　to　bring　the　people　home　whom　they　had　subdued；　or　the　most　of　them；　to　Rome。　Romulus　in　this　matter　drew　into　the　city　the　Ceuinenses；　the　Antennati　and　the　Crustumini。　But　no　country　amplified　more　the　city　of　Rome　than　the　Sabines。　For　in　a　sharp　and　mighty　fight　with　them；　after　a　long　and　hard　conflict；　he　made　a　peace；　and　the　condition　was　that　Tatius　the　King　of　the　Sabines　should　come　with　all　his　people　to　dwell　in　Rome。　Which　condition　Tatius　did　accept；　and　made　choice　of　the　Capitol　and　of　the　Mount　Quirinal　for　his　seat　and　palace。　The　same　course　did　Ancus　Martius　take；　who　gave　the　hill　Aventine　to　the　Latins　when　they　were　taken　from　their　cities　Politorio；　Tellenae　and　Ficana。　　　　　The　great　Tamberlane　also；　he　amplified　and　enlarged　mightily　the　great　Samarkand　in　bringing　to　it　the　richest　and　the　wealthiest　persons　of　the　cities　he　had　subdued。　And　the　Ottomans；　to　make　the　city　of　Constantinople　rich　and　great；　they　have　brought　to　it　many　thousand　families；　especially　artificers；　out　of　the　cities　they　have　subdued；　as　Mahomet　II　from　Trebizond；　Selim　I　from　Cairo　and　Soliman　from　Tauris。

　6。　Of　pleasure

　　　　Men　are　also　drawn　to　live　together　in　society　through　the　delight　and　pleasure　that　either　the　site　of　the　place　or　the　art　of　man　doth　minister　and　yield　unto　them。　The　site；　by　the　freshness　of　the　air；　the　pleasant　view　of　the　valleys；　the　pleasing　shade　of　the　woods；　the　commodity　to　hunt；　and　the　abundance　of　good　waters；　of　all　which　good　things　Antioch　in　Syria　is　liberally　endowed；　and　Damascus　no　less；　and　Brusa　in　Bithynia；　Cordova　and　Seville　in　Spain；　and　many　other　good　towns　elsewhere。　Unto　art　belongeth　the　straight　and　fair　streets　of　a　city；　the　magnificent　and　gorgeous　buildings　therein　either　for　art　or　matter；　the　theatres；　porches；　circles；　races　for　running　horses；　fountains；　images；　pictures；　and　such　other　excellent　and　wonderful　things　as　delight　and　feed　the　eyes　of　the　people　with　an　admiration　and　wonder　at　them。　　　　　The　city　of　Thespis　was　frequented　for　the　excellent　workmanship　sake　of　the　image　of　Cupid；　Samos　for　the　marvellous　greatness　of　the　temple；　Alexandria　for　the　tower　of　Pharos；　Memphis　for　the　Pyramids；　Rhodes　for　the　Colossus。　And　how　many　shall　we　think　have　gone　to　Babylon　to　see　the　wondrous　walls　that　Semiramis　had　made　about　it？　The　Romans　many　times　willingly　went　for　their　recreations'　sake　to　Syracuse；　Mytilene；　Smyrna；　Rhodes　and　Pergamum；　even　to　take　the　benefit　of　the　air　and　to　behold　the　beauty　of　those　same　cities。　To　conclude；　all　that　ever　feedeth　the　eye　and　delighteth　the　sense　of　man　and　hath　any　exquisite　and　curious　workmanship　in　it；　all　that　ever　is　rare；　strange；　new；　unwonted；　extraordinary；　admirable；　magnificent；　great　or　singular　by　cunning；　appertaineth　to　this　head。　　　　　And　amongst　all　the　cities　of　Europe；　Rome　and　Venice　are　the　most　frequented　for　the　pleasures　and　delights　they　minister　to　all　the　beholders　of　them。　Rome　for　the　exceeding　wonderful　relics　of　her　ancient　greatness；　and　Venice　for　the　gloriousness　of　her　present　and　magnificent　estate。　Rome　filleth　the　eye　with　wonder　and　delight　at　the　greatness　of　her　conduits；　the　rareness　of　her　baths　and　hugeness　of　her　colossi；　as　also　at　the　art　of　her　admirable　works；　both　in　marble　and　in　brass；　wrought　by　excellent　artificers；　at　the　height　and　hugeness　of　her　obelisks；　at　the　multitude　and　variety　of　pillars；　at　the　diversity　and　fineness　of　strange　marble；　the　exquisite　and　curious　cutting　of　it；　the　porphyry；　alabaster；　marble　white；　black；　grey；　yellow　and　mixed；　and　serpentine；　the　great　ruins；　the　holy　gates；　and　a　number　of　other　sorts　and　kinds　besides；　which　were　too　hard　to　recount　and　impossible　to　distinguish。　What　shall　I　say　of　the　triumphal　arches；　of　the　seven　zones　or　circles；　of　the　temples；　and　what　of　a　number　of　other　wonders　else？　And　what　shall　we　imagine　that　city　was　when　she　flourished　and　triumphed；　if　now；　while　she　lieth　thus　defaced　and　is　none　other　than　a　sepulture　of　herself　she　allureth　us　to　see　her；　and　feedeth　us　insatiably　with　the　ruins　of　herself。　　　　　On　the　other　side；　Venice；　with　the　wonder　of　her　incomparable　situation　（which　seemeth　the　act　of　nature；　by　giving　laws　to　the　waters　and　setting　a　bridle　on　the　sea）　ministereth　unto　us　no　less　admiration　and　wonder　at　it。　The　greatness　also　of　her　inestimable　Arsenal；　the　multitude　of　ships　both　of　war；　of　traffic　and　of　passage；　the　incredible　number　of　warlike　instruments；　ordnance　and　munition；　and　of　all　matter　of　preparations　for　the　seas；　the　height　of　the　towers；　the　riches　of　the　churches；　the　magnificence　of　the　palaces；　the　beautifulness　of　the　streets；　the　variety　of　the　arts；　the　order　of　her　government；　the　beauty　of　the　one　and　other　sex；　doth　dazzle　and　amaze　the　eyes　of　the　beholders　of　them。

　7。　Of　profit

　　　　This　profit　is　of　such　power　to　unite　and　tie　men　fast　unto　one　place；　as　the　other　causes　aforesaid；　without　this　accompany　them　withal；　ar