the greatness of cities-第13部分

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on　was　taken　it　was　three　days　ere　one　part　took　knowledge　of　the　conquest。　The　people　thereof　were　such　a　number　as　they　durst　offer　battle　unto　Cyrus；　the　greatest　and　the　mightiest　king　for　power　that　ever　was　of　Persia。　Semiramis　did　build　it；　but　Nebuchadnezzar　did　mightily　increase　it。　When　it　was　ruinated　afterward　at　the　coming　in　of　the　Scythians　and　other　people　in　those　countries；　it　was　re…edified　by　one　Bugiasar　Emperor　of　the　Saracens　who　spent　upon　it　eighteen　millions　of　gold。　Jovius　writeth　that　even　at　this　day　it　is　greater　than　Rome；　if　you　respect　the　compass　of　the　ancient　walls；　but　there　are　not　only　woods　to　hunt　in　and　fields　for　tillage；　but　also　orchards　and　large　gardens　in　it。　　　　　The　kings　of　Media　made　their　residence　in　Ecbatana；　the　kings　of　Persia　in　Persepolis；　of　whose　greatness　there　is　no　other　argument　than　conjecture。　In　our　time　the　kings　of　Persia　have　made　their　residence　in　Tauris；　and　as　their　empire　is　not　so　great　as　it　hath　been；　so　also　neither　is　their　city　of　the　greatest。　It　is　in　compass；　for　all　that；　about　sixteen　miles；　yea；　some　say　more。　It　is　also　very　long；　and　hath　many　gardens　in　it；　but　it　is　without　any　wall；　a　thing　common；　in　a　matter；　to　all　the　cities　in　Persia。　　　　　In　Tartary　and　in　the　Oriental　Asia；　through　the　power　of　those　great　princes；　are　far　greater　cities　than　in　any　parts　else　in　the　world。　The　Tartars　have　at　this　day　two　great　empires；　whereof　the　one　is　of　the　Mongolian　Tartars；　the　other　of　the　Cathayans。　The　Mongolian　Tartars　have　in　our　time　incredibly　enlarged　their　dominion；　for　Mahommed　their　prince；　not　contented　with　his　ancient　confines；　subdued　not　many　years　since；　in　a　matter；　all　that　ever　lieth　between　Ganges　and　Indus。　The　chief　city　of　Mogora　is　Samarkand；　which　was　incredibly　enriched　by　the　great　Tamburlane　with　the　spoils　of　all　Asia；　where　like　an　horrible　tempest　or　deadly　raging　flood　he　threw　down　to　the　ground　the　most　ancient　and　worthiest　cities；　and　carried　from　thence　their　wealth　and　riches。　And　to　speak　of　none　other；　he　only　took　from　Damascus　eight　thousand　camels　laden　with　rich　spoils　and　choicest　movable　goods。　This　city　hath　been　of　such　greatness　and　power　that　in　some　ancient　reports　we　read　it　made　out　forty　thousand　horse。　But　at　this　day　it　is　not　of　such　magnificency　and　greatness；　through　the　dominion　of　the　empire。　For　as　after　the　death　of　the　great　Tamburlane　it　was　suddenly　divided　into　many　parts　by　his　four　sons；　so　is　it　likewise　in　our　time　divided　amongst　the　sons　of　Mahommed；　who　hath　last　of　all　subdued　Cambay。　　　　　And　forasmuch　as　I　have　made　mention　of　Cambay　I　must　tell　you　there　are　in　that　kingdom　two　memorable　cities：　the　one　is　Cambay　and　the　other　is　called　Chitor。　Cambay　is　of　such　greatness　that　it　hath　gotten　the　name　of　a　province。　Some　write　that　it　doth　contain　one　hundred　and　fifty　thousand　houses；　to　the　which　allow；　as　commonly　the　matter　is；　to　every　house　five　persons　and　it　will　then　come　to　little　less　than　eight　hundred　thousand　inhabitants。　But　some　make　it　to　be　much　less。　Howbeit；　in　any　sort　howsoever　it　is　a　most　famous　city；　the　chiefest　of　a　most　rich　kingdom；　and　the　seat　of　a　most　mighty　king；　that　brought　to　the　enterprise　against　Mahommed　King　of　the　Mongols　five　hundred　thousand　footmen　and　a　hundred　and　fifty　thousand　horsemen；　whereof　thirty　thousand　were　armed　after　the　matter　of　our　men…at…arms。　Chitor　is　twelve　miles　about；　and　is　a　city　so　magnificent　of　buildings；　so　beautiful　for　goodly　streets　and　so　full　of　delights　and　pleasures　that　few　other　cities　do　come　near　it；　and　it　is　for　that　cause　called　by　the　people　that　inhabit　there；　the　Shadow　of　the　Heavens。　It　hath　been　in　our　time　the　city　of　residency　of　the　Queen　Crementina；　who；　because　she　rebelled　from　the　said　king　of　Cambay；　was　with　main　force　deprived　thereof　in　the　year　1536。　　　　　The　emperor　of　the　Cathayan　Tartars　（commonly　called　the　Great　Cham）　deriveth　himself　from　the　great　Genghis；　who　was　the　first　that　three　years　agone　came　out　of　Scythia　Asiatica　with　a　valiant　expedition　and　power　of　arms；　and　made　the　name　of　the　Tartars　famous。　For　he　subdued　China　and　made　a　great　part　of　India　tributary　unto　him；　he　wasted　Persia；　and　made　Asia　to　tremble。　The　successors　of　this　great　prince　made　their　residence　in　the　city　of　Cambaluc；　a　city　no　less　magnificent　than　great；　for　it　is　said　it　is　in　compass　twenty…eight　miles；　besides　the　suburbs；　and　that　it　is　of　such　traffic　and　commerce　as　besides　other　sorts　of　merchandise　there　are　every　year　brought　into　it　very　near　a　thousand　carts；　all　loaden　with　silk　that　come　from　China。　Whereupon　a　man　may　guess　both　the　greatness　of　the　trades；　the　wealth　of　the　merchandise；　the　variety　of　the　artificers　and　arts；　the　multitude　of　people；　the　pomp；　the　magnificence；　the　pleasure　and　the　bravery　of　the　inhabitants　thereof。　　　　　But　let　us　now　come　to　China。　There　is　not　in　all　the　world　a　kingdom　（I　speak　of　united　and　entire　kingdoms）　that　is　either　greater；　or　more　populous；　or　more　rich；　or　more　abounding　in　all　good　things；　or　that　hath　more　ages　lasted　and　endured　than　that　famous　and　renowned　kingdom　of　China。　Hereof　it　grows　that　the　cities　wherein　their　kings　have　made　their　residence　have　ever　been　the　greatest　that　have　been　in　the　world。　And　those　are　Suntien；　Anchin　and　Panchin。　Suntien　（by　so　much　as　I　can　learn　out　of　the　undoubted　testimonies　of　other　men）　is　the　most　ancient　and　the　chiefest　and　the　principallest　of　a　certain　province　which　is　called　Kinsay；　by　which　name　they　commonly　call　the　same　city。*　It　is　seated　as　it　were　in　the　extremest　parts　almost　of　the　east；　in　a　mighty　great　lake　that　is　drawn　out　of　the　four　princely　rivers　that　fall　there　into　it；　whereof　the　greatest　is　called　Pulisanghin。　The　lake　is　full　of　little　islands　which；　for　the　gallantness　of　the　site；　the　freshness　of　the　air　and　sweetness　of　the　gardens　are　very　delightful　without　measure。　His　banks　are　tapestried　with　verdure；　mantled　with　trees；　watered　with　clear　running　brooks　and　many　springs；　and　adorned　with　magnificent　and　stately　palaces。　This　lake　in　his　greatest　breadth　is　four　leagues　wide　at　the　mouth　of　the　river　twenty…eight　miles；　or　thereabout。　In　circuit　it　is　an　hundred　miles　about；　with　large　passages　both　by　water　and　by　land。　The　streets　thereof　are　all　of　them　paved　gallantly　with　stone；　and　beautified　with　very　fair　benches　or　seats　to　sit　upon。　The　chattels　of　most　account　are　haply　fifteen；　with　bridges　over　them　so　stately　to　behold　that　ships　under　all　their　sails　pass　under　them。　The　greatest　of　these　channels　cutteth　through　the　midst；　as　it　were；　of　the　city　and　is　a　mile　wide；　a　little　more　or　less；　with　fourscore　bridges　upon　it；　a　sight；　no　question；　that　doth　exceed　all　other。　　　　　I　should　be　too　long　if　I　should　here　declare　all　that　might　be　said　of　the　greatness　of　the　walks　and　galleries；　of　the　magnificent　and　stately　buildings；　of　the　beauty　of　the　streets；　of　the　innumerable　multitude　of　inhabitants；　of　the　infinite　concourse　of　merchandise；　of　the　inestimable　number　of　ships　and　vessels；　some　inlaid　with　ebony　and　some　with　ivory；　and　chequered　some　with　gold　and　some　with　silver；　of　the　incomparable　riches