the greatness of cities-第12部分

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；　but　the　greater　part　he　bestows　in　the　city。　But　the　Frenchman　employs　all　that　he　may　wholly　in　the　country；　regarding　the　city　little　or　nothing　at　all；　for　an　inn　serves　his　turn　when　he　needs。　Howbeit；　experience　teacheth　the　residence　of　noblemen　in　cities　makes　them　to　be　more　glorious　and　most　populous　not　only　because　they　bring　their　people　and　their　families　unto　it；　but　also　more　because　a　nobleman　dispendeth　much　more　largely；　through　the　access　of　friends　unto　him　and　through　the　emulation　of　others；　in　a　city　where　he　is　abiding　and　visited　continually　by　honourable　personages；　than　he　spendeth　in　the　country；　where　he　liveth　amongst　the　brute　beasts　of　the　field　and　converseth　with　plain　country　people　and　goes　apparelled　amongst　them　in　plain　and　simple　garments。　Gorgeous　and　gallant　buildings　necessity　must　also　follow；　and　sundry　arts　of　all　sorts　and　kinds　must　needs　increase　to　excellency　and　full　perfection　in　cities　where　noblemen　do　make　their　residence。　　　　　For　this　cause　the　Inca　of　Peru；　that　is；　the　king　of　Peru；　meaning　to　ennoble　and　make　great　his　royal　city　of　Cuzco　would　not　only　that　his　caciques　and　his　barons　should　inhabit　there；　but　he　did　also　command　that　every　one　of　them　should　erect　and　build　a　palace　therein　for　their　dwelling；　which　when　they　had　performed；　each　striving　with　the　other　who　should　erect　the　fairest；　that　city　in　short　time　grew　with　most　princely　buildings　to　be　magnificent　and　great。　Some　dukes　of　Lombardy　have　in　our　days　attempted　such　a　thing。　　　　　Tigranes　King　of　Armenia；　when　he　set　up　the　great　Tigranocerta　enforced　a　great　number　of　gentlemen　and　honourable　persons；　with　others　of　great　wealth　and　substance；　to　remove　themselves　thither　with　all　their　goods　whatsoever；　sending　forth　a　solemn　proclamation　withal　that　what　goods　soever　were　not　brought　thither　should　be　confiscate　clean。　　　　　And　this　is　the　cause　that　Venice　in　short　time　increased　so　notably　in　her　beginning。　For　they　that　fled　out　of　the　countries　there　adjoining　into　the　islands　where　Venice　is　miraculously　seated；　as　it　were；　were　noble　personages　and　rich；　and　thither　did　they　carry　with　them　all　their　wealth　and　substance；　with　the　which；　giving　themselves　through　the　opportunity　of　that　gulf　to　navigation　and　to　traffic；　they　became　within　a　while　owners　and　masters　of　the　city　and　of　the　islands　thereunto　adjoining；　and　with　their　wealth　and　riches　they　easily　ennobled　the　country　with　magnificent　and　gorgeous　buildings；　and　with　inestimable　treasure；　and　in　the　end　brought　it　to　that　greatness　and　power　in　which　we　do　both　see　it　and　admire　it　at　this　present。

　11。　Of　the　residency　of　the　prince

　　　　For　the　very　selfsame　causes　we　have　a　little　before　declared　in　the　chapter　of　dominion　and　power；　it　doth　infinitely　avail　to　the　ma　g　and　making　cities　great　and　populous　the　residency　of　the　prince　therein；　according　to　the　greatness　of　whose　empire　she　doth　increase。　For　where　the　prince　is　resident　there　also　the　parliaments　are　held；　and　the　supreme　place　of　justice　is　there　kept。　All　matters　of　importance　have　recourse　to　that　place；　all　princes　and　all　persons　of　account；　ambassadors　of　princes　and　of　commonwealths；　and　all　agents　of　cities　that　are　subject　make　their　repair　thither；　all　such　as　aspire　and　thirst　after　offices　and　honours　run　thither　amain　with　emulation　and　disdain　at　others。　Thither　are　the　revenues　brought　that　pertain　unto　the　state；　and　there　are　they　disposed　out　again。　By　all　which　means　cities　must　needs　increase　apace　it　may　easily　be　conceived　by　the　examples；　in　a　matter；　of　all　the　cities　of　importance　and　of　name。　　　　　The　ancientest　kingdom　was　that　of　Egypt；　whose　princes　kept　their　court　partly　in　Thebes　and　partly　in　Memphis；　by　means　whereof　those　two　cities　grew　to　mighty　greatness　and　to　beautiful　and　sumptuous　buildings。　Forasmuch　as　Thebes　（which　Homer　calls　poetically　the　City　of　a　Hundred　Gates）　was　in　circuit　（as　Diodorus　writeth）　seventeen　miles　about；　and　was　beautiful　with　proud　and　stately　buildings　both　public　and　private；　and　also　full　of　people。　And　Memphis　was　but　little　less。　　　　　In　after　ages；　other　kings　succeeding　（which　were　called　Ptolemies）　they　kept　their　court　in　Alexandria；　which　did　by　that　means　mightily　increase　in　buildings；　in　people；　in　reverent　reputation　taken　of　it；　and　in　inestimable　wealth　and　riches；　and　the　other　two　cities　aforesaid；　that　by　the　ruin　of　that　kingdom　falling　first　under　the　Chaldeans　and　afterward　under　the　Persians　were　exceedingly　decayed；　are　now　utterly　defaced。　　　　　The　Sultans　after　that　forsaking　Alexandria　drew　themselves　to　Cairo　which；　even　for　this　very　cause　became　（within　a　little　time　to　speak　of）　a　city　so　populous　as　it　hath　gotten；　not　without　good　cause；　the　name　of　the　Great　Cairo。　But　the　Sultans；　because　they　thought　themselves　not　to　be　secure　in　respect　of　the　innumerable　multitude；　if　so　great　a　people　should　perchance　rise　up　in　arms　against　them；　divided　it　with　large　and　many　ditches　filled　full　of　water；　so　that　it　might　appear　not　one　city　alone　but　many　little　towns　united　and　joined　together。　At　this　day　it　is　divided　into　three　towns　a　little　mile　distant　one　from　another；　whose　names　are　these：　Bulak；　old　Cairo　and　new　Cairo。　It　is　said　there　are　sixteen　thousand　or　（as　Ariosto　writeth）　eighteen　thousand　great　streets　in　it；　that　are　every　night　shut　up　with　iron　gates。　It　may　be　eight　miles　about；　within　which　compass；　for　that　these　people　dwell　not　so　at　large　nor　so　commodiously　for　ease　as　we　do；　but　for　the　most　part　within　the　ground；　stowed　up　as　it　were；　and　crowded　and　thrust　together；　there　is　such　an　infinite　multitude　of　them　as　they　cannot　be　numbered。　　　　　The　plague；　in　a　matter；　never　leaveth　them；　but　every　seventh　year　they　feel　it　most　exceedingly。　And　if　it　dispatch　not　out　of　the　way　above　three　hundred　thousand；　they　count　it　but　a　flea…bite。　In　the　time　of　the　Sultans　that　city　was　accounted　to　stand　to　health　when　as　there　died　not　in　it　above　a　thousand　persons　in　a　day。　And　let　this　suffice　that　I　have　said　of　Cairo；　which　is　of　so　great　a　fame　in　the　world　at　this　day。　　　　　In　Assyria；　the　kings　made　their　residence　in　Nineveh；　whose　circuit　was　four　hundred　and　eighty　furlongs　about；　which　comes　to　threescore　miles。　And　in　length　it　was　（as　Diodorus　writeth）　one　hundred　and　fifty　furlongs。　The　suburbs　thereof　no　doubt　must　needs　besides　that　be　very　large。　For　the　Scripture　affirmeth　that　Nineveh　was　great；　three　days　journey　to　pass　it　over。　Diodorus　writeth；　there　was　never　any　city　after　that　set　up　of　so　great　a　circuit　and　of　so　huge　a　greatness。　For　the　height　of　the　walls　was　an　hundred　foot；　the　breadth　able　to　contain　three　carts　abreast　together；　towers　in　the　walls　a　thousand　and　five　hundred；　in　height　an　hundred　foot；　as　Vives　saith。　　　　　The　residence　of　the　kings　of　Chaldea　was　in　Babylon。　This　city　was　in　compass　four　hundred　and　fourscore　furlongs；　so　writes　Herodotus。　Her　walls　were　wide　fifty　cubits；　high　two　hundred　and　more。　Aristotle　maketh　it　much　greater；　for　he　writes　that　it　was　said　in　his　time　that　when　Babylon　was　taken　it　was　three　days　ere　one　part　took　knowledge　of　the　conquest。　The　people　thereof　were