lavengro-第1部分

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Lavengro；　The　Scholar；　The　Gypsy；　The　Priest




by　George　Borrow







PREFACE







IN　the　following　pages　I　have　endeavoured　to　describe　a　dream；　

partly　of　study；　partly　of　adventure；　in　which　will　be　found　

copious　notices　of　books；　and　many　descriptions　of　life　and　

manners；　some　in　a　very　unusual　form。



The　scenes　of　action　lie　in　the　British　Islands；　…　pray　be　not　

displeased；　gentle　reader；　if　perchance　thou　hast　imagined　that　I　

was　about　to　conduct　thee　to　distant　lands；　and　didst　promise　

thyself　much　instruction　and　entertainment　from　what　I　might　tell　

thee　of　them。　　I　do　assure　thee　that　thou　hast　no　reason　to　be　

displeased；　inasmuch　as　there　are　no　countries　in　the　world　less　

known　by　the　British　than　these　selfsame　British　Islands；　or　where　

more　strange　things　are　every　day　occurring；　whether　in　road　or　

street；　house　or　dingle。



The　time　embraces　nearly　the　first　quarter　of　the　present　century：　　

this　information　again　may；　perhaps；　be　anything　but　agreeable　to　

thee；　it　is　a　long　time　to　revert　to；　but　fret　not　thyself；　many　

matters　which　at　present　much　occupy　the　public　mind　originated　in　

some　degree　towards　the　latter　end　of　that　period；　and　some　of　them　

will　be　treated　of。



The　principal　actors　in　this　dream；　or　drama；　are；　as　you　will　have　

gathered　from　the　title…page；　a　Scholar；　a　Gypsy；　and　a　Priest。　　

Should　you　imagine　that　these　three　form　one；　permit　me　to　assure　

you　that　you　are　very　much　mistaken。　　Should　there　be　something　of　

the　Gypsy　manifest　in　the　Scholar；　there　is　certainly　nothing　of　

the　Priest。　　With　respect　to　the　Gypsy　…　decidedly　the　most　

entertaining　character　of　the　three　…　there　is　certainly　nothing　of　

the　Scholar　or　the　Priest　in　him；　and　as　for　the　Priest；　though　

there　may　be　something　in　him　both　of　scholarship　and　gypsyism；　

neither　the　Scholar　nor　the　Gypsy　would　feel　at　all　flattered　by　

being　confounded　with　him。



Many　characters　which　may　be　called　subordinate　will　be　found；　and　

it　is　probable　that　some　of　these　characters　will　afford　much　more　

interest　to　the　reader　than　those　styled　the　principal。　　The　

favourites　with　the　writer　are　a　brave　old　soldier　and　his　

helpmate；　an　ancient　gentlewoman　who　sold　apples；　and　a　strange　

kind　of　wandering　man　and　his　wife。



Amongst　the　many　things　attempted　in　this　book　is　the　encouragement　

of　charity；　and　free　and　genial　manners；　and　the　exposure　of　

humbug；　of　which　there　are　various　kinds；　but　of　which　the　most　

perfidious；　the　most　debasing；　and　the　most　cruel；　is　the　humbug　of　

the　Priest。



Yet　let　no　one　think　that　irreligion　is　advocated　in　this　book。　　

With　respect　to　religious　tenets　I　wish　to　observe　that　I　am　a　

member　of　the　Church　of　England；　into　whose　communion　I　was　

baptized；　and　to　which　my　forefathers　belonged。　　Its　being　the　

religion　in　which　I　was　baptized；　and　of　my　forefathers；　would　be　a　

strong　inducement　to　me　to　cling　to　it；　for　I　do　not　happen　to　be　

one　of　those　choice　spirits　'who　turn　from　their　banner　when　the　

battle　bears　strongly　against　it；　and　go　over　to　the　enemy；'　and　

who　receive　at　first　a　hug　and　a　'viva；'　and　in　the　sequel　contempt　

and　spittle　in　the　face；　but　my　chief　reason　for　belonging　to　it　

is；　because；　of　all　churches　calling　themselves　Christian　ones；　I　

believe　there　is　none　so　good；　so　well　founded　upon　Scripture；　or　

whose　ministers　are；　upon　the　whole；　so　exemplary　in　their　lives　

and　conversation；　so　well　read　in　the　book　from　which　they　preach；　

or　so　versed　in　general　learning；　so　useful　in　their　immediate　

neighbourhoods；　or　so　unwilling　to　persecute　people　of　other　

denominations　for　matters　of　doctrine。



In　the　communion　of　this　Church；　and　with　the　religious　consolation　

of　its　ministers；　I　wish　and　hope　to　live　and　die；　and　in　its　and　

their　defence　will　at　all　times　be　ready；　if　required；　to　speak；　

though　humbly；　and　to　fight；　though　feebly；　against　enemies；　

whether　carnal　or　spiritual。



And　is　there　no　priestcraft　in　the　Church　of　England？　　There　is　

certainly；　or　rather　there　was；　a　modicum　of　priestcraft　in　the　

Church　of　England；　but　I　have　generally　found　that　those　who　are　

most　vehement　against　the　Church　of　England　are　chiefly　

dissatisfied　with　her　because　there　is　only　a　modicum　of　that　

article　in　her　…　were　she　stuffed　to　the　very　cupola　with　it；　like　

a　certain　other　Church；　they　would　have　much　less　to　say　against　

the　Church　of　England。



By　the　other　Church；　I　mean　Rome。　　Its　system　was　once　prevalent　in　

England；　and；　during　the　period　that　it　prevailed　there；　was　more　

prolific　of　debasement　and　crime　than　all　other　causes　united。　　The　

people　and　the　government　at　last　becoming　enlightened　by　means　of　

the　Scripture　spurned　it　from　the　island　with　disgust　and　horror；　

the　land　instantly　after　its　disappearance　becoming　a　fair　field；　

in　which　arts；　sciences；　and　all　the　amiable　virtues　flourished；　

instead　of　being　a　pestilent　marsh　where　swine…like　ignorance　

wallowed；　and　artful　hypocrites；　like　so　many　Wills…o'…the…wisp；　

played　antic　gambols　about；　around；　and　above　debased　humanity。



But　Popery　still　wished　to　play　her　old　part；　to　regain　her　lost　

dominion；　to　reconvert　the　smiling　land　into　the　pestilential　

morass；　where　she　could　play　again　her　old　antics。　　From　the　period　

of　the　Reformation　in　England　up　to　the　present　time；　she　has　kept　

her　emissaries　here；　individuals　contemptible　in　intellect；　it　is　

true；　but　cat…like　and　gliding；　who；　at　her　bidding；　have　

endeavoured；　as　much　as　in　their　power　has　lain；　to　damp　and　stifle　

every　genial；　honest；　loyal；　and　independent　thought；　and　to　reduce　

minds　to　such　a　state　of　dotage　as　would　enable　their　old　Popish　

mother　to　do　what　she　pleased　with　them。



And　in　every　country；　however　enlightened；　there　are　always　minds　

inclined　to　grovelling　superstition　…　minds　fond　of　eating　dust　and　

swallowing　clay　…　minds　never　at　rest；　save　when　prostrate　before　

some　fellow　in　a　surplice；　and　these　Popish　emissaries　found　always　

some　weak　enough　to　bow　down　before　them；　astounded　by　their　

dreadful　denunciations　of　eternal　woe　and　damnation　to　any　who　

should　refuse　to　believe　their　Romania；　but　they　played　a　poor　game　

…　the　law　protected　the　servants　of　Scripture；　and　the　priest　with　

his　beads　seldom　ventured　to　approach　any　but　the　remnant　of　those　

of　the　eikonolatry　…　representatives　of　worm…eaten　houses；　their　

debased　dependants；　and　a　few　poor　crazy　creatures　amongst　the　

middle　classes　…　he　played　a　poor　game；　and　the　labour　was　about　to　

prove　almost　entirely　in　vain；　when　the　English　legislature；　in　

compassion　or　contempt；　or；　yet　more　probably；　influenced　by　that　

spirit　of　toleration　and　kindness　which　is　so　mixed　up　with　

Protestantism；　removed　almost　entirely　the　disabilities　under　which　

Popery　laboured；　and　enabled　it　to　raise　its　head　and　to　speak　out　

almost　without　fear。



And　i