友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!
恐怖书库 返回本书目录 加入书签 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 『收藏到我的浏览器』

the essays of montaigne, v5-第7部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完,想下次继续接着阅读,可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能!


and his sense; that teaches him to know himself; and how both well to dig
and well to live。  Amongst the liberal sciences; let us begin with that
which makes us free; not that they do not all serve in some measure to
the instruction and use of life; as all other things in some sort also
do; but let us make choice of that which directly and professedly serves
to that end。  If we are once able to restrain the offices of human life
within their just and natural limits; we shall find that most of the
sciences in use are of no great use to us; and even in those that are;
that there are many very unnecessary cavities and dilatations which we
had better let alone; and; following Socrates' direction; limit the
course of our studies to those things only where is a true and real
utility:

                              〃Sapere aude;
               Incipe;  Qui recte vivendi prorogat horam;
               Rusticus exspectat; dum defluat amnis; at ille
               Labitur; et labetur in omne volubilis oevum。〃

     '〃Dare to be wise; begin! he who defers the hour of living well is
     like the clown; waiting till the river shall have flowed out: but
     the river still flows; and will run on; with constant course; to
     ages without end。〃Horace; Ep。; i。 2。'

'Tis a great foolery to teach our children:

              〃Quid moveant Pisces; animosaque signa Leonis;
               Lotus et Hesperia quid Capricornus aqua;〃

     '〃What influence Pisces have; or the sign of angry Leo; or
     Capricorn; washed by the Hesperian wave。〃Propertius; iv。 I; 89。'

the knowledge of the stars and the motion of the eighth sphere before
their own:

     '〃What care I about the Pleiades or the stars of Taurus?〃
     Anacreon; Ode; xvii。 10。'

Anaximenes writing to Pythagoras; 〃 To what purpose;〃 said he; 〃should I
trouble myself in searching out the secrets of the stars; having death or
slavery continually before my eyes?〃 for the kings of Persia were at that
time preparing to invade his country。  Every one ought to say thus;
〃Being assaulted; as I am by ambition; avarice; temerity; superstition;
and having within so many other enemies of life; shall I go ponder over
the world's changes?〃

After having taught him what will make him more wise and good; you may
then entertain him with the elements of logic; physics; geometry;
rhetoric; and the science which he shall then himself most incline to;
his judgment being beforehand formed and fit to choose; he will quickly
make his own。  The way of instructing him ought to be sometimes by
discourse; and sometimes by reading; sometimes his governor shall put the
author himself; which he shall think most proper for him; into his hands;
and sometimes only the marrow and substance of it; and if himself be not
conversant enough in books to turn to all the fine discourses the books
contain for his purpose; there may some man of learning be joined to him;
that upon every occasion shall supply him with what he stands in need of;
to furnish it to his pupil。  And who can doubt but that this way of
teaching is much more easy and natural than that of Gaza;'Theodore
Gaza; rector of the Academy of Ferrara。' in which the precepts are so
intricate; and so harsh; and the words so vain; lean; and insignificant;
that there is no hold to be taken of them; nothing that quickens and
elevates the wit and fancy; whereas here the mind has what to feed upon
and to digest。  This fruit; therefore; is not only without comparison;
much more fair and beautiful; but will also be much more early ripe。

'Tis a thousand pities that matters should be at such a pass in this age
of ours; that philosophy; even with men of understanding; should be;
looked upon as a vain and fantastic name; a thing of no use; no value;
either in opinion or effect; of which I think those ergotisms and petty
sophistries; by prepossessing the avenues to it; are the cause。  And
people are much to blame to represent it to children for a thing of so
difficult access; and with such a frowning; grim; and formidable aspect。
Who is it that has disguised it thus; with this false; pale; and ghostly
countenance?  There is nothing more airy; more gay; more frolic; and I
had like to have said; more wanton。  She preaches nothing but feasting
and jollity; a melancholic anxious look shows that she does not inhabit
there。  Demetrius the grammarian finding in the temple of Delphos a knot
of philosophers set chatting together; said to them;'Plutarch; Treatise
on Oracles which have ceased' 〃Either I am much deceived; or by your
cheerful and pleasant countenances; you are engaged in no; very deep
discourse。〃  To which one of them; Heracleon the Megarean; replied:
〃Tis for such as are puzzled about inquiring whether the future tense of
the verb  is spelt with a double A; or that hunt after the
derivation of the comparatives … and …; and the superlatives 
and ; to knit their brows whilst discoursing of their science: but
as to philosophical discourses; they always divert and cheer up those
that entertain them; and never deject them or make them sad。〃

              〃Deprendas animi tormenta latentis in aegro
               Corpore; deprendas et gaudia; sumit utrumque
               Inde habitum facies。〃

     '〃You may discern the torments of mind lurking in a sick body; you
     may discern its joys: either expression the face assumes from the
     mind。〃Juvenal; ix。 18'

The soul that lodges philosophy; ought to be of such a constitution of
health; as to render the body in like manner healthful too; she ought to
make her tranquillity and satisfaction shine so as to appear without; and
her contentment ought to fashion the outward behaviour to her own mould;
and consequently to fortify it with a graceful confidence; an active and
joyous carriage; and a serene and contented countenance。  The most
manifest sign of wisdom is a continual cheerfulness; her state is like
that of things in the regions above the moon; always clear and serene。
'Tis Baroco and Baralipton 'Two terms of the ancient scholastic
logic。' that render their disciples so dirty and ill…favoured; and not
she; they do not so much as know her but by hearsay。  What!  It is she
that calms and appeases the storms and tempests of the soul; and who
teaches famine and fevers to laugh and sing; and that; not by certain
imaginary epicycles; but by natural and manifest reasons。  She has virtue
for her end; which is not; as the schoolmen say; situate upon the summit
of a perpendicular; rugged; inaccessible precipice: such as have
approached her find her; quite on the contrary; to be seated in a fair;
fruitful; and flourishing plain; whence she easily discovers all things
below; to which place any one may; however; arrive; if he know but the
way; through shady; green; and sweetly…flourishing avenues; by a
pleasant; easy; and smooth descent; like that of the celestial vault。
'Tis for not having frequented this supreme; this beautiful; triumphant;
and amiable; this equally delicious and courageous virtue; this so
professed and implacable enemy to anxiety; sorrow; fear; and constraint;
who; having nature for her guide; has fortun
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 1
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!