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ituations。　　I　only　wish　that　the　institution　may　be　allowed　to　subsist。

　　An　Account　of　the　Means　used　to　improve　the　BREED　of　HORSE；　　　and　HORNED　CATTLE；　in　BAVARIA　and　the　PALATINATE。

Through　many　parts　of　the　Elector's　dominions　are　well　adapted　for　the　breeding　of　fine　horses；　and　great　numbers　of　horses　are　actually　bred＇1＇；　yet　no　great　attention　had　for　many　years　been　paid　to　the　improvement　of　the　breed；　and　most　of　the　horses　of　distinction；　such　as　were　used　by　the　nobility　as　saddle…horses　and　coach…horses；　were　imported　from　Holstein　and　Mecklenburg。

Being　engaged　in　the　arrangement　of　a　new　military　system　for　the　country；　it　occurred　to　me　that；　in　providing　horses　for　the　use　of　the　army；　and　particularly　for　the　train　of　artillery；　such　measures　might　be　adopted　as　would　tend　much　to　improve　the　breed　of　horses　throughout　the　country；　and　my　proposals　meeting　with　the　approbation　of　his　Most　Serene　Electoral　Highness；　the　plan　was　carried　into　execution　in　the　following　manner：

A　number　of　fine　mares　were　purchased　with　money　take　from　the　military　chest；　and　being　marked　with　an　M　（the　initial　of

Militaria）；　in　a　circle；　upon　the　left　hip；　with　a　hot　iron；　they　were　given　to　such　of　the　peasants；　owning　or　leasing　farms　proper　for　breeding　good　horses；　as　applied　for　them。　The　conditions　upon　which　these　brood　mares　were　given　away　were　as　follows：

They　were；　in　the　first　place；　given　away　gratis；　and　the　person　who　received　one　of　these　mares　is　allowed　to　consider　her　as　his　own　property；　and　use　her　in　any　kind　of　work　he　thinks　proper；　he　is；　however；　obliged　not　only　to　keep　her；　and　not　to　sell　her；　or　give　her　away；　but　he　is　also　under　obligations　to　keep　her　as　a　brood　mare；　and　to　have　her　regularly　covered　every　season；　by　a　stallion　pointed　out　to　him　by　the　commissioners；　who　are　put　at　the　head　of　this　establishment。　　If　she　dies；　he　must　replace　her　with　another　brood　mare；　which　must　be　approved　by　the　commissioners；　and　then　marked。If　one　of　these　mares　should　be　found　not　to　bring　good　colts；　or　to　have　any　blemish；　or　essential　fault　or　imperfection；　she　may　be　changed　for　another。

The　stallions　which　are　provided　for　these　mares；　and　which　are　under　the　care　of　the　commissioners；　are　provided　gratis；　and　the　foals　are　the　sole　　property　of　those　who　keep　the　mares；　and　they　may　sell　them；　or　dispose　of　them；　when　and　where；　and　in　any　way　they　may　think　proper；　in　the　same　manner　as　they　dispose　of　any　other　foal；　brought　by　any　other　mare。

In　case　the　army　should　be　obliged　to　take　the　field；　AND　IN　NO　OTHER　CASE　WHATEVER；　those　who　are　in　possession　of　these　mares　are　obliged　either　to　return　them；　or　to　furnish；　for　the　use　of　the　army；　another　horse　fit　for　the　service　of　the　artillery。

The　advantages　of　this　arrangement　to　the　army　are　obvious。　In　the　case　of　an　emergency；　horses　are　always　at　hand；　and　these　horses　being　bought　in　time　of　peace　cost　much　less　than　it　would　be　necessary　to　pay　for　them；　were　they　to　be　purchased　in　a　hurry　upon　the　breaking　out　of　a　war；　upon　which　occasions　they　are　always　dear；　and　sometimes　not　to　be　had　for　money。

It　may　perhaps　be　objected；　that　the　money　being　laid　out　so　long　before　the　horses　are　wanted；　the　loss　of　the　interest　of　the　purchase…money　ought　to　be　taken　into　account；　but　as　large　sums　of　money　must　always　be　kept　in　readiness　in　the　　military　chest；　to　enable　the　army　to　take　the　field　suddenly；　in　case　it　should　be　necessary；　and　as　a　part　of　this　money　must　be　employed　in　the　purchase　of　horses；　it　may　as　well　be　laid　out　beforehand；　as　to　lie　dead　in　the　military　chest　till　the　horses　are　actually　wanted；　consequently　the　　objection　is　not　founded。

I　wish　I　could　say；　that　this　measure　had　been　completely　successful；　but　I　am　obliged　to　own；　that　it　has　not　answered　my　expectations。　　Six　hundred　mares　only　were　at　first　ordered　to　be　purchased　and　distributed；　but　I　had　hopes　of　seeing　that　number　augmented　soon　to　as　many　thousands；　and　I　had　even　flattered　myself　with　an　idea　of　the　possibility　of　placing　in　this　manner　among　the　peasants；　and　consequently　having　constantly　in　readiness；　without　any　expence；　a　sufficient　　number　of　horses　for　the　whole　army；　for　the　cavalry　as　well　as　for　the　artillery　and　baggage；　and　I　had　formed　a　plan　for　collecting　together　and　exercising；　every　year；　such　of　these　horses　as　were　destined　for　the　service　of　the　cavalry；　and　for　permitting　their　riders　to　go　on　furlough　with　their　horses：　in　short；　my　views　went　to　the　forming　of　an　　arrangement；　very　economical；　and　in　many　respects　similar　to　that　of　the　ancient　feudal　military　system；　but　the　obstinacy　of　the　peasantry　prevented　these　measures　being　carried　into　execution。　　Very　few　of　them　could　be　prevailed　upon　to　accept　of　these　horses；　and　in　proportion　as　the　terms　upon　which　they　were　offered　to　them　were　apparently　advantageous；　their　suspicions　were　increased；　and　they　never　would　be　persuaded　that　there　was　not　some　trick　at　the　bottom　of　the　scheme　to　over…reach　them。

It　is　possible　that　their　suspicions　were　not　a　little　increased　by　the　malicious　insinuations　of　persons；　who；　from　motives　too　obvious　to　require　any　　explanation；　took　great　pains　at　that　time　to　render　abortive　every　public　undertaking　in　which　I　was　engaged。　　But　be　that　as　it　may；　the　fact　is；　I　could　never　find　means　to　remove　these　suspicions　entirely；　and　I　met　with　so　much　difficulty　in　carrying　the　measure　into　execution；　that　I　was　induced　at　last　to　abandon　it；　or　rather　to　postpone　its　execution　to　a　more　favourable　moment。　　Some　few　mares　（two　or　three　hundred）　were　placed　in　　different　parts　of　the　country；　and　some　very　fine　colts　have　been　produced　from　them；　during　the　six　years　that　have　elapsed　since　this　institution　was　formed；　but　these　slow　advances　do　not　satisfy　the　ardour　of　my　zeal　for　improvement；　and　if　means　are　not　found　to　accelerate　them；　Bavaria；　with　all　her　natural　advantages　for　breeding　fine　horses；　must　be　obliged；　for　many　years　to　come；　to　continue　to　import　horses　from　foreign　countries。

My　attempts　to　improve　the　breed　of　horned　cattle；　though　infinitely　more　confined；　have　been　proportionally　much　more　successful。　　Upon　forming　the　public　garden　at　Munich；　as　the　extent　of　the　grounds　is　very　considerable；　the　garden　being　above　six　English　miles　in　circumference；　and　the　soil　being　remarkably　good；　I　had　an　opportunity　of　making；　within　the　garden；　a　very　fine　and　a　very　valuable　farm；　and　this　farm　being　stocked　with　about　thirty　of　the　finest　cows　that　could　be　procured　from　Switzerland；　Flanders；　Tyrol；　and　other　places　upon　the　Continent　famous　for　a　good　breed　of　horned　cattle；　and　this　flock　being　　refreshed　annually　with　new　importations　of　cows　as　well　as　bulls；　all　the　cows　which　are　produced；　are　distributed　in　the　country；　being　sold　to　any　person　of　the　country　who　applies　for　them；　AND　WITH　PROMISE　TO　REAR　THEM；　at　the　same　low　prices　at　which　the　most　ordinary　calves　of　the　common　breed　of　the　country　are　sold　to　the　butchers。

Though　this　establishment　has　existed　only　about　six　years；　it　is　quite　surprising　what　a　change　it　has　produced　in　the　country。　As　there